Vol. 4 (2023): Journal of Medical and Dental Investigations

Aim: Child maltreatment has negative long-term consequences for mental health, including an increased risk of depression. However, this phenomenon has not been adequately studied, especially in southeastern Turkey. In this study, the presence of childhood trauma was investigated in patients with depression. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2019 and December 2019 in the psychiatry clinic of a university hospital located in the southeast region of Turkey. A total of 160 people, 80 of whom were patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 80 of whom were healthy controls, were included in the study. The data for the study were collected using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire prepared by the researchers, the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ-28), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: The scores of patients with MDD in both sub-dimensions and total scores were found to be statistically significantly higher than the healthy control group ( p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the scores of the patient group on the BDI and CTQ-28 scales. Conclusion: It was found that exposure to childhood traumas is associated with depression in adulthood. As a result, childhood trauma in individuals with depression should be investigated because it will serve as guidance in terms of etiopathogenesis and treatment.   How to cite this article: Mercan İ, Kılıçaslan F, Gökçeoğlu S, Cansız A. The association between childhood trauma and adulthood depression. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230359. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230359

Aim: Malnutrition is a common condition in hospitalized patients. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of patients hospitalized in the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Medical Faculty Training and Research Hospital and to determine physicians' awareness of this issue. Methods: In this study, patients hospitalized in different wards were evaluated prospectively. The 485 patients over the age of 18 who were hospitalized in different wards were included in the study. The chronic disease history of the patients was evaluated. The patients were evaluated twice, at admission and on the 7th day of hospitalization. Height, weight, body mass index, and upper arm circumference were measured with the NRS 2002 (Nutritional Risk Scoring) screening test to determine the nutritional status of the patients. Descriptive statistical methods were used in the evaluation of the data, and the chi-square test was used in the comparison of qualitative data ( p < 0.05). Results: Of the patients included in the study, 42% were female and 58% were male. There was no statistical difference in the comparison of the presence of malnutrition by gender. According to the first NRS 2002 measurements of the patients, malnutrition was not found in 78.1% of all patients, while the presence of malnutrition was found in 21.9% of the patients. 100 of the 105 patients with malnutrition were found to be over 65 years old. According to the second NRS 2002 measurements, while 31.2% of patients over 65 years of age had malnutrition, 3.1% of patients under 65 years of age had malnutrition. Conclusion: The rate of malnutrition increased as the presence of chronic disease and age increased. It was seen that most of the patients who were found to have malnutrition in the first evaluation were not provided with nutritional support, and the rate of noticing and treating malnutrition by physicians was not sufficient.   How to cite this article: Bardak S, Beyazal Polat H. Evaluation of the nutritional status of patients hospitalized in a university hospital. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230357. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230357

Aim: The present study aims to examine the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) among patients with orthodontic complaints in terms of malocclusion classification from the aspects of gender and age. Methods: The present study was carried out using face-to-face interviews with 150 patients (73 females and 77 males) aged between 12 and 34 years. Demographic information, including age and gender, was requested from the patients via the questionnaire form. Participants were requested to complete the abbreviated version of the OHIP-14 to assess the OHRQoL. Patients were classified into three groups: Class I (n = 50), II (n = 65), and III (n = 35) by Angle classification. In order to measure the OHRQoL, the patients were asked to answer the Turkish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). The statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA, Bonferroni, and the Student’s t-test. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: In OHRQoL, the Class III group was found to have statistically significantly higher values when compared to the Class II and Class I groups ( p < 0.05). The mean scores in the psychological discomfort and handicap subscales were found to be statistically significantly higher ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Malocclusion has a negative effect on OHRQoL. The increasing severity of malocclusion causes lower OHRQoL.   How to cite this article: Topal R. Impact of malocclusion on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230354. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230354

Aim: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of various polishing processes applied to different types of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) denture base materials on the surface roughness and microbial adhesion of the base material. Methods: Sixty specimens were prepared from heat-polymerized conventional PMMA (G), injectable PMMA (E), and pre-polymerized CAD-CAM PMMA (C) denture base materials. All the sample surfaces were sanded with silicon carbide abrasives of 800, 1000, 1200, and 2500 grit. The specimens of each denture base material were divided into three subgroups (n=20), in which different polishing methods were applied. The first group was mechanically polished (M), and the other two groups were chemically polished with light-polymerized glaze liquids [Palaseal (Ps), Optiglaze Color (Og)]. A profilometer was used to evaluate the surface roughness. Colony counting was performed to assess bacterial colonization after one day. The data obtained from all these measurements were evaluated using Analysis of Variance and Bonferroni Corrected test was used for multiple comparisons of means ( p = 0.05). The interaction between surface roughness and bacterial colonization was examined using the Pearson’s correlation test. Regression analysis was performed to determine the relationships between them. Results: When PMMA base materials were compared, the lowest average surface roughness (Ra) and bacterial colonization values were obtained in Group C. When the polishing methods were compared, the lowest average surface roughness values were obtained for Group M. As a result of the bacterial colonization measurement, lower colonization values were obtained with standardized mechanical polishing compared to the other groups. Conclusion: There was no difference between the different PMMA base materials in terms of surface roughness; however, there were statistically significant differences in bacterial colonization. Our study showed that mechanical polishing yielded better results than light-activated glazing agents.   How to cite this article: Yarar S, Değer Y, Tekin S. Effect of different polishing methods applied to denture base materials on microbial adhesion and surface roughness. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230351. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230351

Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to retrospectively analyze the demographic distribution and treatment methods of patients with odontogenic abscess who applied to Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery between 2017 and 2022, and evaluate the findings. Methods: Patient documents of 700 odontogenic abscess cases who applied to the Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinic were collected and examined. The data obtained were analyzed according to gender, age, time, anatomical localization, and treatment options. All data obtained were evaluated with statistical analysis. Results: As a result of the statistical analysis; a total of 700 patients, including 400 men (57%), and 300 women (43%), were treated. Of the patients with a mean age of 33±18 years, 63% (440) were treated with extraoral drainage and 37% (260) with intraoral drainage. In terms of localization, the most common areas of odontogenic abscess formation were mandibular posterior (54% - 376 cases), maxillary posterior (26% - 184 cases), maxillary anterior (17% - 116 cases), and mandibular anterior (3% - 24 cases). The most common reasons patients came to the clinic were swelling, pain, fever, and trismus. The year 2022 was analyzed as the year with the most intensive patient treatment, and 2017 as the year with the least patient treatment. In the analyses, when looking at the distribution of gender and localization by years, there was no statistically significant difference ( p > 0.05), but when looking at the distribution of drainage techniques by years, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Demographic characteristics and treatment options of patients with odontogenic abscesses vary depending on the causative tooth area. Odontogenic infections can become life-threatening in a short time if left untreated. Intraoral and extraoral drainage are very important for success in the treatment of common odontogenic abscesses where medical treatment is inadequate.   How to cite this article: Güler R. Demographic investigation of 700 cases with severe odontogenic abscess in the maxillofacial region: A 6-year retrospective study. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230350. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230350

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the region, frequency, distribution, age, and sex of histopathologically diagnosed oral malignant and oral potentially malignant lesions obtained from patients admitted to the Department of Pathology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Methods: The pathological data of oral malignant and potentially malignant lesions histopathologically diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, between 2018 and 2023, were retrospectively reviewed. Potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions were classified, and their distribution according to region, age, and sex was analyzed. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to analyze the conformity of continuous variables to the normal distribution. The type I error level was accepted as 5% in statistical analyses. Results: Among 161 patients with oral or potential malignancy, 76 (47.2%) were female and 85 (52.8%) were male, with a mean age of 53.9 ± 17.4 years. The most common lesions were found in the buccal mucosa (40.4%). When 104 malignant lesions were analyzed, the most common lesion was oral squamous cell carcinoma with a rate of 75%, and when 57 potentially malignant lesions were analyzed, 38 (66.7%) of the patients had lichen planus, and 19 (33.3%) had leukoplakia. Conclusion: This retrospective study shows the distribution, frequency, and characteristics of malignant lesions in the oral cavity in a group of populations, especially in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, and allows comparison with studies in different populations.   How to cite this article: Kaplan B, Alabalık U, Akşahin C, Çolak M, Ortaç H. Investigation of the prevalence of potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey: A 5-year retrospective study. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230348. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230348

Aim: Acne vulgaris is an inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit. Pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies continue to invest heavily in research and development for acne treatments. Medicinal plants are being studied as potential options to prevent antibiotic resistance and reduce the cost of treating diseases. This study aimed to prepare cream formulations containing various amounts of rosemary extract (RE) and green tea extract (GTE) with antibacterial properties, perform characterization studies, and determine formulation activity against Propionibacterium acnes ( P. acnes ). Methods: The cream's basis was prepared by the fusion method. Different amounts of rosemary extract and green tea extract were added. The cream formulations were characterized by microscopy, pH, rheological properties, texture properties, droplet size measurement, and a stability test. The P. acnes antibacterial test was carried out using the agar diffusion method. Results: The cream formulations F2 and F1 were effective against P. acnes and met all of the necessary criteria, including rheological, hardness, compressibility, stickiness, elasticity, physical stability, droplet size measurement, and pH. In the antibacterial test results for the F1 formulation, the zone diameter was 10 ± 0.15 mm, and for the F2 formulation, it was 12 ± 0.15 mm ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: In our study, we found that formulations F1 and F2 can be administered topically because they show pseudoplastic flow, an appropriate pH value, appropriate textural properties, and antibacterial activity against P. acnes -induced acne vulgaris.   How to cite this article: Güzel MC, Toksoy MO. Design and characterization of the cream formulation containing rosemary and green tea extract against Propionibacterium acnes. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230345. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230345

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglossal canal morphologically and to emphasize the importance of its relation to the adjacent anatomical structures, which may affect some surgical procedures, such as the transcondylar surgical approach. Methods: In the study, 25 adult human skulls belonging to Bursa Uludağ University Anatomy Laboratories were evaluated. The 19 parameters were measured on the skulls. Results: The distance between the hypoglossal canal and the anterior border of the occipital condyle was found to be 15.8 ± 2.8 mm on the left side and 15.8 ± 3.1 mm on the right side. The external distance between the hypoglossal canal and the anterior border of the occipital condyle was found to be 11.5 ± 2 mm on the left and 11.6 ± 2 mm on the right. The distance between the hypoglossal canal and the posterior margin of the occipital condyle was 11.7 ± 1.8 mm on the left side and 12.2 ± 2.1 mm on the right side. Furthermore, the distance measured externally between the same anatomical structures was found to be 14.04 ± 1.89 mm and 14.4 ± 1.6 mm on the left and right, respectively. We also found a positive correlation between the length of the foramen magnum and the occipital condyle. In addition, the diameter of the foramen magnum and the distance between the hypoglossal canal and the anterior margin of the occipital condyle were positively correlated. Conclusion: In the transcondylar approach, the locations of important anatomical structures must be well known to perform a safe occipital condyle resection without harming the neural tissue. Especially surgeons should pay attention to the distances between the hypoglossal canal and the anterior and posterior margins of the occipital condyle in order to prevent hypoglossal nerve injury. The operational success of a condylectomy may be affected by the length of the hypoglossal canal. A detailed anatomical assessment is needed before similar procedures to avoid surgical injuries.   How to cite this article: Yıldız Yılmaz M, Babacan S, Kafa İM, Coşkun İ. Morphological analysis of the hypoglossal canal and its relationship with surrounding anatomical structures. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230343. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230343

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of Gundelia tournefortii plant extract on the spleen of rats with experimental type of rats. Methods: In the study, 35 adult Wistar Albino rats were used. Thirty-five male rats were randomly divided into five equal groups of seven rats each. Animal groups were determined as Control, Diabetes, Diabetes + Treatment 1, Diabetes + Treatment 2, Diabetes + Treatment 3. The control group was not exposed to any treatment. The other groups received 45 mg/kg Streptozotocin intraperitoneally on the experimental day. Animals in Diabetes + Treatment 1, Diabetes + Treatment 2 and Diabetes + Treatment 3 groups were administered 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of Gundelia tournefortii extract daily by oral gavage for 21 days, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized, and the spleen was properly removed. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin after routine tissue tracing. Results: Diabetes mellitus caused a decrease in the diameter of the white pulp and severe atrophy in the spleen tissue. In the red pulp, on the contrary, there was an increase in activation. In the treatment groups, it was determined that Gundelia tournefortii extract minimized the damage of diabetes and even the group with images close to the control group was Diabetes + Treatment 3, while in the other treatment groups, the rate of damage repair decreased as the dose decreased. Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that diabetes caused damage to the spleen tissue and these damages were reduced by Gundelia tournefortii plant extract. In addition, in the comparison between different doses of this plant extract in the treatment groups, it was determined that the best result was obtained in the group administered at the highest dose of 200 mg/kg.    How to cite this article: Demircioğlu M, Dörtbudak MB. Protective effect of Gundelia Tournefortii extract on spleen tissue in experimental type I diabetes in rats. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230339. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230339

Aim: Deltamethrin (DM), a hydrophobic and lipophilic substance used for insect control, easily accumulates in the body, increasing ROS production and causing mucosal inflammation and damage. The aim of this study was to explore the prophylactic effects of hesperidin on DM toxicity in periodontal membrane. Methods: The study was conducted for 14 days on 21 male Wistar albino rats. The experimental animals were divided into three groups (n=7): The Sham group received 0.9% NaCl (1 mL). The deltamethrin group received 0.5 mg/kg DM (1 mL, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide). The deltamethrin + hesperidin group received DM (0.5 mg/kg) + hesperidin (100 mg/kg) (both drugs dissolved in 1 mL dimethyl sulfoxide). All treatments were administered daily via the orogastric route for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and biochemical and histological analyses were performed. Results: The biochemical tests showed significantly higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the deltamethrin group than in the Sham group. Combined application of hesperidin and deltamethrin resulted in significantly lower MDA levels in the deltamethrin + hesperidin group than in the deltamethrin group. Histopathological examination of the periodontal tissues of the deltamethrin group revealed cell degeneration at the alveolar bone-tooth junction, including atypical cells, irregularity in collagen fibers, dilatation and congestion of the blood vessels, and inflammatory cell infiltrates distributed in aggregate and solitary forms. The deltamethrin + hesperidin group showed substantially less cell degeneration. Conclusion: Hesperidin application helped alleviate deltamethrin toxicity by preventing oxidative stress and reducing cell degeneration.   How to cite this article: İpek F, Deveci E, İpek P. Effect of hesperidin on deltamethrin toxicity in rat periodontal membrane. J Med Dent Invest 2023;4:e230332. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230332   Linguistic Revision:  The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the approaches that dentists working in Turkey take to retreatment. Methods: A questionnaire with 16 questions regarding gender, institution, specialty, experience, and root canal treatment stages was distributed to 223 dentists. The collected questionnaires were analyzed in R 4.0.0 programming language. A chi-square test analyzed the categorical variables. The statistical analyses were performed at a 5% significance level. Results: A statistically significant relationship was found between the years spent practicing dentistry and the methods of determining the length of root canal treatment ( p < 0.05). The relationship between the choices of irrigation agents for canal treatment and the professional title was found to be statistically significant    ( p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between gender and other parameters ( p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the treatment protocol applied in molar teeth with lesions, the success rate of the patients who underwent retreatment, and the practitioners’ specializations ( p < 0.05). The relationship between retreatment in unsuccessful root canal treatments and the institution studied was also statistically significant ( p < 0.05). A total of 66% of dentists working in Oral and Dental Health Center, 88% of dentists working in private clinics, and 90% of dentists working at universities reported that they performed retreatment. The relationships among the frequency of endodontic treatment, the use of magnification while performing root canal treatment, the group of teeth that was most often treated, and the institutions in which dentists work were also found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: In this survey study, which was conducted to evaluate the practice of endodontic treatment, the rate of dentists performing endodontic treatments was found to have increased. Endodontists performed retreatment cases at a higher rate than general practitioners. Dentists with less professional experience had higher rates of endodontic treatment for difficult–to–treat molars than those with more professional experience.   How to cite this article: Tellioğlu Avcı GR. Evaluation of dentists’ approach to retreatment in Turkey: A survey study. J Med Dent Invest 2023;4:e230314. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230324   Linguistic Revision:  The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Aim: In the treatment of edentulous resorbed mandibles using All-on-4 concept, the distal part of posteriorly tilted implants with a conventional flat neck design is usually embedded in the bone, which may lead to improper installation or positioning of angled multiunit abutments. Bone trimming from the distal area, where the implant neck is embedded in the bone, is typically necessary to avoid this complication. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of a sloped marginal neck configuration of implant posteriorly tilted at 30° in edentulous mandibles using a three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Methodology: The sloped neck implants were posteriorly tilted at 30° without any further operation in the edentulous mandibular model designed using the FEA. The tilted conventional flat neck implants were placed at the same length, diameter, and angle, and 2 mm 2 of bone was trimmed from the distal area. Similar multiunit abutments, two conventional flat neck implants axially placed on the anterior side, titanium frameworks, and acrylic resin prosthetic dentures were created for both models. The biomechanical behaviors of the models were evaluated by applying a foodstuff force of 50 N to the incisors, 100 N to the premolars, and 150 N to the molar cantilever. Results: The von Mises stress value of the sloped neck implants (158.489 MPa) was lower than that of the conventional flat neck implants (177.208 MPa). Both the maximum and minimum principal stress values ​​in the surrounding cortical and cancellous bones were within the acceptable physiological limits. Conclusion: Sloped neck implants can be placed easily and are less invasive than conventional flat neck implants; thus, they can be a treatment alternative that can facilitate the All-on-4 concept.   How to cite this article: Toprak ME. Does a sloped neck implant design facilitate All-on-4 surgeries? A three-dimensional finite element analysis. J Med Dent Invest 2023;4:e230310. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230310   Linguistic Revision:  The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Platelets play an essential role in wound healing and periodontal regeneration, so using platelet concentrates can speed up wound healing after periodontal treatment. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), an autogenous concentrated blood product, is a fibrin matrix comprising molecular and cellular elements that allow for optimum improvement and PRF also increases the production of osteoprotegerin, which causes osteoblast proliferation and acts as an osteoconductive and osteoinductive material, initiating bone regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and PRF are platelet concentrates prepared from the patient's own blood. Recent studies have focused on the development of therapeutic alternatives that are simple to prepare, non-toxic or biocompatible to living tissues, and inexpensive, with the potential to result in the local release of growth factors that accelerate hard and soft tissue healing. PRP is a plasma fraction that contains a high concentration of growth factors. PRF is a natural fibrin-based biomaterial derived from an anticoagulant-free blood harvest without any artificial biochemical modification, allowing fibrin membranes enriched with platelets and growth factors to be obtained. It facilitates the application of growth factors to the surgical area in a concentrated form, thereby accelerating wound improvement and regeneration. Platelet concentrates are used in many areas of dentistry, including soft tissue improvement, plastic periodontal surgery, gingival enlargement, ridge preservation, regeneration of bone defects, drug-related osteonecrosis of the jawbone, sinus augmentation, immediate implant placement, and implant osseointegration. Their use is preferred due to their ease of application and low cost. This paper reviews the current literature concerning the utilization of platelet-rich fibrin in periodontology.   How to cite this article: Sağsöz A, Acun Kaya F. Use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in periodontology: A review. J Med Dent Invest 2023;4:e230317. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230317   Linguistic Revision:  The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

In the case, we aim to point out the way to manage the cataract with nystagmus under topical anesthesia in phacoemulsification surgery. A 62-year-old female patient came to department of ophthalmology in January 2020 with a complaint of blurry vision in her right eye for a year. The observed visual acuity of the subject's right eye was measured to be 0.15. During the biomicroscopic examination, the presence of bilateral nystagmus and cortical cataract was observed. The iris and retina were found to be undamaged. No lens subluxation was seen. Under topical anesthesia in phacoemulsification surgery, globe stabilization was provided by holding the conjunctival pouch. With one hand and with the other hand, capsulorhexis, the most critical part of the operation was achieved. The case we present is close to point out the easy method to explain to manage this kind of cataracts.   How to cite this article: Alaçamlı G. How to manage the cataract with nystagmus under topical anesthesia: A case report. J Med Dent Invest 2023;4:e230329. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230329   Linguistic Revision:  The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.