10.5577/jomdi.e260828
Vol. 7 No. S1 (2026) Continuous Publication
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An overview of intraoral scanners and computer-aided design software programs used in scan design stages in digital dentistry
In prosthetic dental treatments, obtaining the negative of the prepared area in the most accurate way directly affects the success of the restoration to be made. Therefore, it is necessary to give importance to the impression material and the impression technique used. Impression materials have undergone changes over the years in order to record the most accurate and sensitive detail. Studies have tried to improve many physical and chemical properties of the impression material. Despite this, it should not be forgotten that there are numerous external factors such as the skill of the clinician, environmental conditions, and storage conditions for the impression to be obtained. Developments in computer-aided design and design (CAD/CAM) technology have significantly increased the use of these systems in dentistry in recent years. In dentistry, many companies in the market aim to minimize the problems that may occur in the laboratory and clinical environment by adding intraoral or extraoral scanners to CAD/CAM systems. The first step of dental CAD-CAM systems is digital scanning with an intraoral or laboratory scanner. This step is followed by the construction phase of restorations with digital design and production devices on the computer. Therefore, the success of these restorations depends largely on the accuracy and precision of the scanning devices. This review will discuss CAD/CAM systems and intraoral scanners and software programs.Digital dentistry, intraoral scanners, CAD/CAM systems, digital impression, scanning accuracy, digital workflowMuhammed Burak Süzen, Hayriye Yasemin Yay Kuşçue260828 -
An overview of recent developments in CAD/CAM-produced restorations
The evolution of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems has enabled the development of new materials, treatment methods, and prosthesis manufacturing processes. As innovation in material development continues, the production of new-generation materials with better functions and superior features has become possible. With CAD/CAM technology, chair-side manufacture of esthetic full ceramic restorations that are perfectly compatible with abutments has become possible. In addition, this technology has replaced resin composites applied directly intraorally with resin composite blocks produced with a milling system and applied indirectly, which are mechanically more durable. In addition, digitally produced removable prostheses have also been used widely in recent years. Thus, since the time spent by the dentist for the patient at the clinic and the number of appointments decrease, the delivery time of the prosthesis to the patient is also significantly shortened. Subjective errors due to the technician are also eliminated with these systems, and more accurate manufacture of prostheses is achieved. Because newly developed CAD/CAM materials are manufactured industrially in a standard way and the manufacturing phases are strictly controlled, they can be considered more advantageous than materials used in conventional methods in terms of structural properties. The purpose of this review is to provide physicians with a different perspective on the selection of current materials to be used in the production of CAD/CAM restorations and to assist in material selection in clinical practice.CAD/CAM, glass-matrix ceramics, zirconia, zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate, fiber-reinforced composites, PEEKMerve Sena Ekinci, Beste Çetine260820 -
Analysis of YouTube videos on assisted reproductive techniques
Aim: Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) have made significant progress in infertility treatment and have found a wide range of applications with various methods, especially in vitro fertilization. Today, digital platforms such as YouTube have become an important resource for individuals seeking information about ART. However, uncertainties about the reliability and quality of this content pose a potential risk for viewers. This study aims to assess the quality and reliability of ART-related videos on YouTube. Methods: 76 videos were analyzed by applying elimination criteria from 350 videos uploaded between October 1, 2014, and October 1, 2024. These videos were obtained through the YouTube Data API v3 by searching seven different terms related to in vitro fertilization and infertility. In addition to descriptive statistics on video features, the Global Quality Scale (GQS), modified DISCERN, JAMA and UTvAC scales were used to evaluate the quality of the videos. Additionally, sentiment analysis was conducted based on the comments of the videos. Results: It was determined that the majority of the analyzed videos were at a medium quality level. While the JAMA scores indicate that most of the videos are of low quality, the GQS and modified DISCERN scores suggest that most videos fall within the medium-quality range. According to UTvAC, most videos are just below the high-quality limit. The majority of videos were uploaded by doctor-independent influencers (32.9%), non-governmental organizations (25.0%), and news/media (21.1%) channels. The positive comment percentage was found to be 28%, indicating that the videos were generally poorly appreciated by viewers. Conclusion: This study revealed that the information quality and reliability of ART videos on YouTube are generally moderate. The findings of the study show that there is a significant need for improvements in digital health communication and educational content production. How to cite this article Demirtaş S, Gördük MN. Analysis of YouTube videos on assisted reproductive techniques. J Med Dent Invest 2025;6:e250109.Assisted reproductive techniques, in vitro fertilization, patient education, YouTube videosSelim Demirtaş, Mehmet Nuri Gördüke250109 -
Apexification and regeneration procedures in young permanent teeth
Management of necrotic young permanent teeth with incomplete root development represents a significant clinical challenge in pediatric dentistry due to open apices, thin dentinal walls, and increased susceptibility to fracture. Preserving or restoring root development is critical for improving the long-term prognosis of these teeth. Over recent decades, apexification and regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have emerged as the primary treatment strategies for addressing pulp necrosis in immature permanent teeth. Apexification aims to induce the formation of a calcified apical barrier that allows effective obturation of the root canal system. Traditionally, calcium hydroxide has been widely used for this purpose, demonstrating high success rates in resolving apical pathology. However, prolonged treatment duration, increased risk of root fracture, and lack of continued root development are important limitations. To overcome these drawbacks, single-visit apexification using bioceramic materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has gained popularity, offering predictable apical barrier formation, reduced treatment time, and favorable clinical outcomes. Regenerative endodontic procedures represent a biologically based treatment approach designed to promote continued root maturation by harnessing the regenerative potential of stem cells from the apical papilla, growth factors, and suitable scaffolds. REPs aim not only to resolve infection but also to facilitate root lengthening, thickening of dentinal walls, apical closure, and reestablishment of vitality-related responses. Clinical studies have reported high survival and success rates for REPs, particularly in teeth with short roots and wide apical openings. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of apexification and regenerative endodontic procedures, focusing on their biological principles, clinical protocols, indications, advantages, and limitations. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based decision-making to guide clinicians in selecting the most appropriate treatment modality based on individual case characteristics. Understanding the strengths and shortcomings of each approach is essential for optimizing clinical outcomes and preserving young permanent teeth in pediatric patients. How to cite this article: Yılmaz UY, Eskici M, Kerimoğlu C, Bezgin T. Apexification and regeneration procedures in young permanent teeth. J Med Dent Invest. 2025;6:e250065. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e250065Apexification, calcium hydroxide, pulp regeneration, single-visit apexificationUtku Yasemin Yılmaz, Mesude Eskici, Ceyda Kerimoğlu, Tuğba Bezgine250065 -
CAD/CAM technology in dentistry
The remarkable advancement of dental materials, treatment techniques, and prosthesis manufacturing processes has elevated computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems to a new level of clinical capability. Since its introduction to dentistry in the 1980s—beginning with the chairside CEREC system and the Procera framework concept—CAD/CAM has reshaped contemporary practice by enabling aesthetic, durable, and reliably reproducible restorations while transforming the way laboratories design and fabricate both framework (substructure) and monolithic restorations. Because the production stages are tightly controlled and the material blocks are industrially processed, modern CAD/CAM materials also offer improved structural properties—reduced microporosity, greater homogeneity, and lower firing shrinkage—relative to conventionally processed ones, while reducing laboratory steps, working time, and the overall error rate. This narrative review examines the principal CAD/CAM restorative materials, the digital data-processing workflow, and restoration production methods, together with their influence on marginal fit. The main material classes are described—leucite- and lithium-disilicate-reinforced glass ceramics, yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) and monolithic zirconia, resin-matrix and nanoceramic blocks, composite blocks, and hybrid ceramics such as Vita Enamic—with their compositions, mechanical properties, indications, and limitations, including flexural strengths ranging from approximately 160 MPa for glass ceramics to substantially higher values for zirconia. The data-processing stage, comprising direct intraoral and indirect model scanning followed by computer-aided design of a virtual model, is reviewed, along with the two production routes: subtractive milling from prefabricated blocks and additive fabrication by selective laser sintering and 3D printing, which minimizes material waste. Marginal adaptation is discussed as a key determinant of restorative success, with reported clinically tolerable misfit values of 50 to 200 µm and CAD/CAM milling shown to provide superior marginal conformance to conventional techniques. Overall, CAD/CAM workflows offer measurable gains in material quality, accuracy, and efficiency over conventional methods, although optimal outcomes depend on correct material selection, appropriate indication, and proper tooth preparation.CAD/CAM, dental ceramics, monolithic zirconia, intraoral scanner, marginal adaptation, digital workflowZuhal Görüş, Hayriye Yasemin Yay Kuşçu, Nur Sena Alioğlu Koparale260817 -
Can digital impression methods eliminate the current problems of conventional impression techniques?
Conventional impression materials remain a cornerstone of routine dental practice, yet they carry well-documented drawbacks, including a pronounced gag reflex, limited patient comfort, potential soft-tissue trauma, dimensional changes with temperature and elapsed time, the need for disinfection, cross-infection risk, and susceptibility to distortion during transport, storage, and laboratory handling. Digital impression systems have been introduced to overcome these limitations, and their use in dentistry—particularly in prosthodontics—continues to expand. This review compares conventional and digital impression techniques and examines whether digital workflows can resolve the shortcomings inherent to conventional methods. Conventional elastomers such as polyether and addition-type silicones offer excellent dimensional stability and detail reproduction and are currently regarded as the gold standard. Digital impressions, obtained with intraoral or extraoral scanners, provide clear advantages in patient comfort, procedure time, reduced cross-infection risk, elimination of polymerization shrinkage and gypsum expansion, and convenient digital archiving and transfer. However, their accuracy is influenced by scanning area, scanner sensitivity, operator experience, moisture, patient movement, and inter-implant distance. The reviewed literature indicates that intraoral scanners achieve clinically acceptable accuracy for single units and single-quadrant restorations, whereas evidence for full-arch and multiple implant-supported prostheses remains inconsistent, with several studies still favoring conventional impressions. Accuracy—comprising trueness and precision—is especially critical for passive fit in implant-supported restorations. Most comparative data derive from in vitro models that do not reproduce intraoral conditions such as saliva, blood, and patient movement, underscoring the need for further in vivo research. In conclusion, although the benefits of digital impressions are evident, their long-term clinical efficacy and safety require additional investigation, and technique selection should weigh accuracy, time efficiency, learning curve, and cost. A case-specific combination of digital and conventional approaches may offer added benefit.Digital impression, intraoral scanner, conventional impression, trueness and precision, prosthodonticsYakup Kantacie260815 -
Can't schizophrenia patients have physical illnesses like us?
Letter to EditorSchizophrenia, physical disease, stigmaOkan İmrejomdi.e240364 -
Chronic respiratory failure after the first dose of nusinersen treatment: A case report
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a disease characterized by progressive nerve cell loss in the spinal cord and brainstem. It can be fatal if left untreated, particularly in infantile forms. Nusinersen became the first disease-modifying agent to be approved in 2016 for the treatment of all types of 5q-associated SMA, across all age groups. Trials have shown that the drug has an acceptable safety profile and has significantly improved clinical care for patients; however, data on long-term risks and benefits are limited. Respiratory problems following use of the drug are an important potential complication and the mechanisms of action are not fully understood. This study reports on a patient with type 1 SMA who developed chronic respiratory failure after the first dose of nusinersen, a condition not previously reported. Although nusinersen significantly improves patients' quality of life, its long-term or rare side effects are not well understood. Patients should be closely monitored for respiratory side effects, especially after the first dose, and families should be thoroughly informed about potential respiratory complications. How to cite this article: Orhan Ö, Talay MN, Büyükşahin HN, Demirbuğa A, Özbek MN, Özgün N. Chronic respiratory failure after the first dose of nusinersen treatment: A case report. J Med Dent Invest 2024;5:e240341. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e240341Adverse effects, chronic lung disease, nusinersen, spinal muscular atrophyÖzhan Orhan, Mehmet Nur Talay, Halime Nayır Büyükşahin, Asuman Demirbuğa, Mehmet Nuri Özbek, Nezir Özgüne240341 -
Clinical applications and improvement of resin bonding for PEEK in resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis: A review
Resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) are a commonly used precision treatment, such as fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) and implant-supported dentures. Full crown preparation of vital teeth, which is required for traditional FDPs, may result in a risk of pulp reaction as a large portion of the coronal tooth structure must be removed. RBFDP has been recognized as a non-invasive or minimally invasive treatment modality for the replacement of single missing teeth. RBFDPs require much less tooth preparation than conventional FDPs. These dental treatments are restorative solutions used to cover missing teeth and achieve an aesthetic smile. The biomechanical rules, aesthetics, polishability, and bond strength have been emphasized in RBFDP treatments. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is one of the most widely used biomaterials in dentistry. The material, which stands out especially with its acceptable aesthetics, biocompatibility and modulus of elasticity close to dentin, has enabled it to be used in RBFDP treatments. Since PEEK is lighter than metal alloys, patients experience less discomfort and a feeling closer to natural teeth. Furthermore, the thermoplastic properties of PEEK are claimed to provide a precise fit, allowing the restoration to better integrate into the natural tooth structure. In addition, its ability to be customized using different modern manufacturing techniques is thought to offer dentists and patients a reliable option for successful long-term treatment. Our review is about the use of PEEK material as an alternative material in RBFDPs with low negative effects on periodontal tissues and their bonding with resins.Fixed dental prostheses, PEEK, Polyetheretherketone, polymer, resin-bondedBahar Tekin, Ayşe Rençber Kızılkaya, Vahti Kılıç, Metin Bakır, Samet Tekin, Suzan Cangüle240325 -
Comparative evaluation of the accuracy and completeness of responses provided by ChatGPT-5, Gemini 2.5 Flash, Grok 4, and DeepSeek-R1 to open-ended questions on cracked and fractured teeth
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy and completeness of responses to open-ended questions related to chronic cracked and fractured teeth given by four recently introduced large language models (LLMs): ChatGPT-5, Grok 4, Gemini 2.5 Flash, and DeepSeek-R1-0528. Methods: A total of 25 open-ended questions related to cracked and fractured teeth were prepared. The responses to these questions given by the LLMs were evaluated in terms of accuracy and completeness by restorative and endodontic specialists with 15 years of experience. Accuracy was evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale, and completeness was evaluated using a 3-point Likert scale. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Shapiro-Wilk test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn-Bonferroni test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used in the statistical analyses of the study. Results: The responses given to the questions about the diagnosis, causes, and treatment of cracked and fractured teeth showed significant differences among the four artificial intelligence (AI) models (p=0.015). In the subgroup analysis, the mean points of ChatGPT-5 (5±0) were significantly higher than those of DeepSeek-R1-0528 (4.48±0.77) (p=0.013). No significant difference was observed in the other paired comparisons (p>0.05). The completeness points also showed a difference between the models (p=0.028). The mean points of ChatGPT-5 (3±0) were significantly higher than those of DeepSeek-R1-0528 (2.76±0.44) (p=0.046), and no significant difference was observed in the other paired comparisons (p>0.05). Conclusion: Differences in terms of accuracy and completeness were observed between the LLMs in the responses given to open-ended questions about cracked and fractured teeth. The lowest mean points were obtained by DeepSeek-R1-0528, followed by Grok 4 and Gemini 2.5 Flash, with the highest points obtained by ChatGPT-5. It must not be forgotten that the results obtained can show variability according to the subject, the form of the question, and the content. Therefore, further studies encompassing both similar and different subjects are needed. It must also not be ignored that misinformation in healthcare services can lead to serious consequences.Artificial intelligence, large language models, ChatGPT, Gemini, Grok, DeepSeek, cracked tooth, fractured tooth, accuracy, completenessMakbule Taşyürek, Özkan Adıgüzel, Suzan Cangül, Hatice Ortaçe250161 -
Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of different rotational and reciprocal file systems
Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of the TruNatomy and ProTaper Next file systems, which work rotational movements, and Reciproc and WaveOne Gold file systems, which work reciprocal movements. Methods: ProTaper Next X2 (25/.06), WaveOne Gold Primary (25/.07), Reciproc R25 (25/.08), and TruNatomy Prime (26/.04) files were used in the cyclic fatigue test. Four groups, 15 files from each group and a total of 60 files, were rotated in an artificial canal made of curved stainless steel with a curvature angle of 60 degrees, an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, and a radius of curvature of 3 mm. The breaking times of the files were determined with a digital stopwatch, and this value was converted into the number of cycles until breaking. Compliance with normal distribution was examined with the Shapiro‒Wilk test. The number of cycles until fracture for the respective files, which did not follow a normal distribution, were compared using the Kruskal‒Wallis test and multiple comparisons were made with the Dunn test. The analysis results were presented as mean ± standard deviation and median (minimum-maximum). The significance level was taken as p <0.050. Results: While the TruNatomy system had the highest number of cycles until fracture occurred, no statistically significant difference was found between the Reciproc and WaveOne Gold systems. The ProTaper Next system showed the lowest cyclic fatigue resistance. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, TruNatomy, which makes rotational motion, showed the best cyclic fatigue resistance. The ProTaper Next system was the file with the lowest cyclic fatigue resistance. Obtaining similar results for files produced in different shapes and with different movement kinematics allowed us to conclude that cyclic fatigue is multifactorial. How to cite this article: Akın Tartuk G, Kaya S, Al Tai TN. Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of different rotational and reciprocal file systems. J Med Dent Invest 2024;5:e240347. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e240347Cyclic fatigue, endodontic file, ProTaper Next, Reciproc, TruNatomy, WaveOne GoldGizem Akın Tartuk, Sadullah Kaya, Tamara Nabhan Al Taie240347 -
Comparison of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and lactate values measured by bedside blood gas analyzer with laboratory auto-analyzer values and investigation of their correlations in multiple trauma patients
Aim: In this study, we aimed to compare venous Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) values measured by bedside blood gas analyzer with standard laboratory auto-analyzer values in multiple trauma patients and to investigate if lactate level is adequate in this correlation. Methodology: Vascular access was obtained in the antecubital regions of the patients. Simultaneous venous blood samples were drawn, and a blood gas analyzer measured Hb, Hct, and lactate values, and Hb and Hct values were also measured by a laboratory auto-analyzer in the emergency laboratory. The correlation between the values was calculated. In addition, the prediction of laboratory auto-analyzer values from venous blood gas analyzer values was performed using linear regression equations (Regression Equation (y) = a + bx). Results: A total of 51 patients were included in the study. The median difference between peripheral vein laboratory auto-analyzer values and venous blood gas analyzer values was 0.40 g/dL for Hb and 1.10% for Hct. There were high and very high positive correlations between peripheral vein laboratory auto-analyzer values and venous blood gas analyzer values, with correlation coefficients of 0.693 and 0.862 for Hb and Hct, respectively. The correlation coefficient for Hb increased from 0.693 to 0.827 in 26 patients with lactate values below the 2.5 mmol/L cut-off limit. We also measured Hb and Hct by laboratory auto-analyzer and blood gas analyzer from simultaneous femoral artery-sourced samples from 40 patients. The median difference between femoral artery-sourced laboratory auto-analyzer values and femoral artery-sourced blood gas analyzer values was 0.20 g/dL for Hb and 0.80% for Hct. There were very high positive correlations between femoral artery-sourced laboratory auto-analyzer values and arterial blood gas analyzer Hb value and femoral artery-sourced laboratory auto-analyzer and arterial blood gas Hct value with correlation coefficients of 0.949 and 0.851, respectively. Conclusion: In both venous and arterial samples, the differences between the laboratory auto-analyzer and the blood gas analyzer are limited, and the correlations between them are significantly high. Furthermore, the correlation between the venous blood gas auto-analyzer value and the laboratory auto-analyzer value for Hb is even higher when the lactate value is below the 2.5 mmol/L cut-off limit. How to cite this article: Avcı M. Comparison of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and lactate values measured by bedside blood gas analyzer with laboratory auto-analyzer values and investigation of their correlations in multiple trauma patients. J Med Dent Invest 2024;5:e240394. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e240394Blood gas, hematocrit, hemoglobin, lactate, multiple traumaMustafa Avcıe240394 -
Comparison of hemostatic and acute histopathological effects of Algan Hemostatic Agent in experimental liver lobectomy model in rats
Aim: Algan Hemostatic Agent (AHA) is a plant-based material effective in hemostasis. The purpose of this study was to compare the hemostatic efficacy and acute histopathological effects of liquid and powder forms of AHA in rat model of experimental liver lobectomy. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats, 10-12 weeks old, were randomly divided into three groups (n=8): control (physiologic saline), AHA-liquid, and AHA-powder. Following the resection of the outer one-third of the left hepatic lobe, physiological saline, liquid and powder, was administered to the injured area for twenty seconds. At the tenth minute, all animals were sacrificed through intra-abdominal bleeding. Liver tissues from all groups were excised for histopathological analysis. Results: Bleeding control success rates of the first application results of AHA-liquid were higher than those of AHA-powder. Success rates of the second application of AHA liquid (66.6%) and AHA powder (50%) were substantially higher than those of the control group. The liver parenchyma was intact, and a dense fibrous tissue capsule was noted at the wound site of the liquid group. In powder group, late granulation tissue was observed along with moderate lymphocyte infiltration and some powder remnants. Conclusion: The present study showed that herb-based AHA is an effective material for controlling blood loss in liver lobectomy model. It formed a stable clot without causing damage to liver tissue, especially when administered in liquid form. AHA could be a preferred and promising option for managing hemorrhage during crucial operations due to its biocompatibility and rapid efficacy. How to cite this article: Şener Akçora D, Mavuş D, Miko M, Gökçe K. Comparison of hemostatic and acute histopathological effects of Algan Hemostatic Agent in experimental liver lobectomy model in rats. J Med Dent Invest. 2024; 5: e240372.Algan Hemostatic Agent, Liver Lobectomy, Histopathology, Bleeding, RatDila Şener Akçora, Deniz Mavuş, Michal Miko, Kağan Gökçee240372 -
Comparison of manual versus mechanical chest compression with ETCO2 value in-hospital cardiac arrest: A prospective observational study
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of manual versus mechanical chest compression by using continuous end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) monitoring in-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Methods: The study included 90 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Forty-seven (52.2%) patients were male and 43 (47.8%) were female. A prospective observational study of patients who experienced cardiac arrest while being monitored at the emergency department (ED) was conducted at the ED of a tertiary university hospital between April 2018 and September 2019. Demographics, electrocardiography (ECG) rhythm, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) technique (manual or automatic), laboratory data, the time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), length of stay in the ED, hospitalization, and mortality were compared according to CPR type. Forty-four (48%) patients underwent manual CPR, and 46 (52%) patients underwent automatic CPR. Results: The 15th-minute and 20th-minute oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) levels, and the 10th-, 15th-, and 20th-minute ETCO 2 levels showed a significant difference between the automatic CPR and manual CPR with all three variables being higher in the automatic CPR group ( p =0.013, p =0.002, p =0.037, p =0.002, p <0.001, respectively). The causes of cardiopulmonary arrest, consultations, POCUS results, post-CPR lifetime, treatment types and neurological conditions were similar in both of the groups. Exitus was more frequent in the manual CPR device group ( p =0,013). Conclusion: Mechanical Chest Compression provides more high-quality CPR than manual Chest Compression in-hospital cardiac arrest, and mid-resuscitation ETCO 2 values equal to or greater than 20 mmHg appear to be a good predictor of ROSC. How to cite this article Yılmaz Y, Yılmaz F, Yılmaz A, Sönmez BM, Tekkanat S, Kavalcı C, Komut S, Beydilli İ, Zortuk Ö. Comparison of manual versus mechanical chest compression with ETCO 2 value in-hospital cardiac arrest: A prospective observational study. J Med Dent Invest. 2025;6:e250172.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical chest compression, in-hospital cardiac arrest, ETCO2, CPR, mortalityYavuz Yılmaz, Fevzi Yılmaz, Aykut Yılmaz, Bedriye Müge Sönmez, Selma Tekkanat, Cemil Kavalcı, Seval Komut, İnan Beydilli, Ökkeş Zortuke250172 -
Comparison of scanning accuracy of different digital intraoral scanners
Digital intraoral scanners (IOSs) have gained significant importance in modern dentistry by offering accurate, efficient, and patient-friendly alternatives to conventional impression techniques. This review aims to evaluate and compare the image quality and accuracy provided by various intraoral scanners, focusing on the current literature. Factors influencing image quality, such as scanning technology (confocal microscopy, triangulation, active wavefront sampling), operator experience, and scanning strategy, are also discussed. The evaluation includes commonly used IOS devices, including iTero, Trios, Medit i700, and CEREC Primescan, analyzing their performance in clinical and laboratory conditions. The literature suggests that while each scanner has strengths and limitations, all of them provide clinically acceptable results for prosthodontic and orthodontic applications. Furthermore, advancements in software and hardware are continuously enhancing image resolution, data acquisition speed, and ease of use. However, despite the progress, discrepancies in trueness and precision still exist depending on the scanning environment, scan area size, and material reflectivity. This review concludes that selecting an appropriate IOS should be based on clinical needs, operator preferences, and the specific task at hand. Continuous technological development and standardized evaluation methods are essential to further improve IOS reliability and integration into routine clinical practice.Accuracy, intraoral scanners, digital scanning, three-dimensional imaging, digital dentistryElif Atasever, Server Mutluay Ünale260823 -
Comparison of vitamin D levels in primary infertility and infertile female patients
Aim: This study was conducted to compare vitamin D levels in primary infertile patients with vitamin D levels in fertile women. Methods: This study was composed of 75 unexplained primary infertile and 75 fertile patients who applied to the hospital between 1 June 2022 and 31 March 2023 at Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, prospectively. Two milliliters of blood samples were obtained from women with unexplained primary infertility and from fertile women. All venous blood specimens were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min. The plasma derived from the samples was evaluated for 25-hydroxy vitamin levels using LS-MS 8045 and subsequently compared. The plasma derived from the samples was examined for levels of AMH, TSH, prolactin, progesterone, estrogen, LH, and FSH. Results: The mean of vitamin D in the unexplained primary infertile group was 5.35 ± 1.81 ng/mL while the mean of vitamin D in fertile women was 12.6 ± 4.44 ng/mL. It was determined that there was a significant difference between vitamin D levels according to the study groups. Conclusion: We think that vitamin D supplementation is important in infertile women because the levels of vitamin D in the unexplained primary infertile group were lower than those in the fertile group. There is a need for more comprehensive multicenter studies showing the relationship between vitamin D levels and infertility related to the current study. How to cite this article: Kada Düken R, Sak S, Barut MU, Sak ME. Comparison of vitamin D levels in primary infertility and infertile female patients. J Med Dent Invest. 2024; 5: e240379.Vitamin D level, infertile women, fertile womenRahime Kada Düken, Sibel Sak, Mert Ulaş Barut, Muhammet Erdal Sake240379 -
Current CAD/CAM materials
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies have fundamentally reshaped restorative and prosthetic dentistry, streamlining both chairside and laboratory workflows while improving the speed, accuracy, and predictability of treatment. As the range of millable materials continues to expand, evidence-based, indication-specific selection has become increasingly challenging for clinicians and dental technicians alike. This review classifies and critically evaluates contemporary CAD/CAM materials according to their chemical composition—metal, ceramic, composite, polymer, and hybrid—and compares their performance to support rational treatment planning. Drawing on current literature, it surveys a broad spectrum of materials, including metal alloy blocks; feldspathic, leucite-reinforced, and lithium disilicate glass ceramics; glass-infiltrated and polycrystalline oxide ceramics (alumina and yttria-stabilized zirconia); resin nanoceramics; polymer-infiltrated hybrid ceramics; zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate; composite blocks; and polymer blocks such as PEEK and PMMA. For each group, mechanical strength, optical and esthetic properties, biocompatibility, clinical indications, advantages, and limitations are presented within a comparative framework, and the influence of production strategy—chairside versus centralized fabrication and hard versus soft milling—on restoration fit and longevity is discussed. Reported flexural strength ranged from approximately 150 MPa for feldspathic ceramics to well above 1000 MPa for high-strength zirconia, revealing consistent trade-offs between mechanical performance and translucency, most evident as the cubic phase of zirconia increases. Lithium disilicate and zirconia emerged as leading options balancing esthetics and durability, whereas PEEK and composite materials offered advantages in biocompatibility, elasticity, and provisional applications. Overall, no single material is universally optimal; selection should be guided by the specific clinical indication, esthetic demand, and occlusal load, with ongoing advances in digital dentistry expected to further broaden material choice and clinical performance.CAD/CAM, block materials, metal alloys, ceramics, polymer blocks, digital dentistryPelin Künarcı, Server MUTLUAY ÜNALe260824 -
Demographic investigation of 700 cases with severe odontogenic abscess in the maxillofacial region: A 6-year retrospective study
Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to retrospectively analyze the demographic distribution and treatment methods of patients with odontogenic abscess who applied to Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery between 2017 and 2022, and evaluate the findings. Methods: Patient documents of 700 odontogenic abscess cases who applied to the Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinic were collected and examined. The data obtained were analyzed according to gender, age, time, anatomical localization, and treatment options. All data obtained were evaluated with statistical analysis. Results: As a result of the statistical analysis; a total of 700 patients, including 400 men (57%), and 300 women (43%), were treated. Of the patients with a mean age of 33±18 years, 63% (440) were treated with extraoral drainage and 37% (260) with intraoral drainage. In terms of localization, the most common areas of odontogenic abscess formation were mandibular posterior (54% - 376 cases), maxillary posterior (26% - 184 cases), maxillary anterior (17% - 116 cases), and mandibular anterior (3% - 24 cases). The most common reasons patients came to the clinic were swelling, pain, fever, and trismus. The year 2022 was analyzed as the year with the most intensive patient treatment, and 2017 as the year with the least patient treatment. In the analyses, when looking at the distribution of gender and localization by years, there was no statistically significant difference ( p > 0.05), but when looking at the distribution of drainage techniques by years, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Demographic characteristics and treatment options of patients with odontogenic abscesses vary depending on the causative tooth area. Odontogenic infections can become life-threatening in a short time if left untreated. Intraoral and extraoral drainage are very important for success in the treatment of common odontogenic abscesses where medical treatment is inadequate. How to cite this article: Güler R. Demographic investigation of 700 cases with severe odontogenic abscess in the maxillofacial region: A 6-year retrospective study. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230350. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230350Maxillofacial infection, odontogenic infection, abscess, drainageRıdvan Gülere230350 -
Design and characterization of the cream formulation containing rosemary and green tea extract against Propionibacterium acnes
Aim: Acne vulgaris is an inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit. Pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies continue to invest heavily in research and development for acne treatments. Medicinal plants are being studied as potential options to prevent antibiotic resistance and reduce the cost of treating diseases. This study aimed to prepare cream formulations containing various amounts of rosemary extract (RE) and green tea extract (GTE) with antibacterial properties, perform characterization studies, and determine formulation activity against Propionibacterium acnes ( P. acnes ). Methods: The cream's basis was prepared by the fusion method. Different amounts of rosemary extract and green tea extract were added. The cream formulations were characterized by microscopy, pH, rheological properties, texture properties, droplet size measurement, and a stability test. The P. acnes antibacterial test was carried out using the agar diffusion method. Results: The cream formulations F2 and F1 were effective against P. acnes and met all of the necessary criteria, including rheological, hardness, compressibility, stickiness, elasticity, physical stability, droplet size measurement, and pH. In the antibacterial test results for the F1 formulation, the zone diameter was 10 ± 0.15 mm, and for the F2 formulation, it was 12 ± 0.15 mm ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: In our study, we found that formulations F1 and F2 can be administered topically because they show pseudoplastic flow, an appropriate pH value, appropriate textural properties, and antibacterial activity against P. acnes -induced acne vulgaris. How to cite this article: Güzel MC, Toksoy MO. Design and characterization of the cream formulation containing rosemary and green tea extract against Propionibacterium acnes. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230345. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230345Cream formulation, green tea extract, rosemary extract, texture profile analysis, acne vulgaris, rheologyMert Can Güzel, Mahmut Ozan Toksoye230345 -
Diagnosis and treatment methods in inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injuries: A review
Injuries to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve (LN) are common complications of oral and maxillofacial surgery, frequently occurring during third molar extractions, implant placements, and orthognathic procedures. These injuries can lead to sensory deficits and negatively affect the patients’ quality of life. Although some cases resolve spontaneously, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, including microsurgical repair, are often necessary to optimize the outcomes. This review aims to summarize the current approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of IAN and LN injuries and highlight emerging techniques in nerve regeneration. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to evaluate the classification of nerve injuries (Seddon and Sunderland), diagnostic modalities such as nerve stimulation tests and magnetic resonance neurography, timing of surgical intervention, and available treatment options, including neurorrhaphy, autografts, allografts, nerve conduits, pharmacologic therapies, and adjunctive regenerative strategies. Mild nerve injuries may recover spontaneously within 3–9 months; if sensory function does not return within this period, surgical repair is generally indicated. Early surgical intervention (within 3–6 months) yields more favorable outcomes, although later repair can still be beneficial. Direct neurorrhaphy is recommended for small nerve gaps (≤5 mm), whereas larger defects require grafting. Autografts, such as the sural or great auricular nerves, are the gold standard because of their compatibility; however, they entail donor-site morbidity. Processed allografts and conduits offer viable alternatives with reduced surgical time, although they can be costly and less predictable. Adjunctive therapies, including platelet-rich fibrin, corticosteroids, and low-level laser therapy, have demonstrated potential benefits but require further clinical validation. New biomaterials that incorporate stem cells and growth factors show promise for enhancing nerve regeneration. Effective management of IAN and LN injuries requires timely diagnosis and an individualized treatment plan based on the injury severity and patient factors. Early surgical repair improves the likelihood of functional recovery. While autografts remain the preferred method for reconstructing large nerve gaps, processed allografts and nerve conduits are valuable alternatives. Ongoing advances in regenerative materials and adjunctive therapies hold potential to improve outcomes and reduce complications associated with peripheral nerve repair.inferior alveolar nerve injury, lingual nerve repair, peripheral nerve regeneration, microsurgical neurorrhaphy, nerve grafting techniquesMehmet Sait Şimşek, İrfan Üstündağ, Sudenur Kocamemik1-7 -
Does a sloped neck implant design facilitate All-on-4 surgeries? A three-dimensional finite element analysis
Aim: In the treatment of edentulous resorbed mandibles using All-on-4 concept, the distal part of posteriorly tilted implants with a conventional flat neck design is usually embedded in the bone, which may lead to improper installation or positioning of angled multiunit abutments. Bone trimming from the distal area, where the implant neck is embedded in the bone, is typically necessary to avoid this complication. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of a sloped marginal neck configuration of implant posteriorly tilted at 30° in edentulous mandibles using a three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Methodology: The sloped neck implants were posteriorly tilted at 30° without any further operation in the edentulous mandibular model designed using the FEA. The tilted conventional flat neck implants were placed at the same length, diameter, and angle, and 2 mm 2 of bone was trimmed from the distal area. Similar multiunit abutments, two conventional flat neck implants axially placed on the anterior side, titanium frameworks, and acrylic resin prosthetic dentures were created for both models. The biomechanical behaviors of the models were evaluated by applying a foodstuff force of 50 N to the incisors, 100 N to the premolars, and 150 N to the molar cantilever. Results: The von Mises stress value of the sloped neck implants (158.489 MPa) was lower than that of the conventional flat neck implants (177.208 MPa). Both the maximum and minimum principal stress values in the surrounding cortical and cancellous bones were within the acceptable physiological limits. Conclusion: Sloped neck implants can be placed easily and are less invasive than conventional flat neck implants; thus, they can be a treatment alternative that can facilitate the All-on-4 concept. How to cite this article: Toprak ME. Does a sloped neck implant design facilitate All-on-4 surgeries? A three-dimensional finite element analysis. J Med Dent Invest 2023;4:e230310. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230310 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.Dental implant, sloped neck design, bone resorption, biomechanics, finite element analysis, All-on-4Mehmet Emin Toprake230310 -
Early childhood caries: A current perspective
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant public health concern, affecting children globally. Despite preventive measures, the prevalence of ECC remains high, especially in underprivileged populations. This study aims to explore the etiology, risk factors, and prevention strategies associated with ECC, as well as to evaluate current treatment approaches for managing ECC in pediatric patients.This review is based on an extensive analysis of existing literature, including epidemiological studies, risk assessment tools, and treatment modalities for ECC. Sources were gathered from peer-reviewed journals, dental health organizations, and relevant clinical trials. Key aspects examined include microbiological, dietary, and environmental factors contributing to ECC, and an evaluation of preventive and therapeutic interventions. ECC is prevalent worldwide, with varying rates across regions. The etiology of ECC is multifactorial, with primary causes including the presence of cariogenic bacteria (e.g., *Streptococcus mutans*), frequent consumption of fermentable carbohydrates, and inadequate oral hygiene. Additional factors, such as prolonged breastfeeding, socioeconomic status, and maternal health, also play significant roles. Preventive strategies like fluoride application, dietary counseling, and maternal oral health care are crucial in reducing ECC incidence. Treatment options range from non-invasive approaches, such as fluoride varnish and silver diamine fluoride (SDF), to invasive interventions like the Hall Technique and pulpotomy for severe cases. ECC remains a pervasive challenge in pediatric dentistry, with high costs and negative impacts on children’s quality of life. Early prevention, parental education, and individualized treatment plans are essential to mitigate the effects of ECC. Future research should focus on enhancing risk assessment tools and developing more cost-effective, accessible treatments to address ECC globally. How to cite this article: Yüzbaş BE, Özyılmaz KY, Seyedoskuyi V, Topaloğlu A. Early childhood caries: A current perspective. J Med Dent Invest 2025;6:e250075. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e250075Early childhood caries, caries etiology, preventive dentistry, risk assessmentBeyza Erdinç Yüzbaş, Kader Yıldız Özyılmaz, Venüs Seyedoskuyi, Aslı Topaloğlue250075 -
Effect of different polishing methods applied to denture base materials on microbial adhesion and surface roughness
Aim: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of various polishing processes applied to different types of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) denture base materials on the surface roughness and microbial adhesion of the base material. Methods: Sixty specimens were prepared from heat-polymerized conventional PMMA (G), injectable PMMA (E), and pre-polymerized CAD-CAM PMMA (C) denture base materials. All the sample surfaces were sanded with silicon carbide abrasives of 800, 1000, 1200, and 2500 grit. The specimens of each denture base material were divided into three subgroups (n=20), in which different polishing methods were applied. The first group was mechanically polished (M), and the other two groups were chemically polished with light-polymerized glaze liquids [Palaseal (Ps), Optiglaze Color (Og)]. A profilometer was used to evaluate the surface roughness. Colony counting was performed to assess bacterial colonization after one day. The data obtained from all these measurements were evaluated using Analysis of Variance and Bonferroni Corrected test was used for multiple comparisons of means ( p = 0.05). The interaction between surface roughness and bacterial colonization was examined using the Pearson’s correlation test. Regression analysis was performed to determine the relationships between them. Results: When PMMA base materials were compared, the lowest average surface roughness (Ra) and bacterial colonization values were obtained in Group C. When the polishing methods were compared, the lowest average surface roughness values were obtained for Group M. As a result of the bacterial colonization measurement, lower colonization values were obtained with standardized mechanical polishing compared to the other groups. Conclusion: There was no difference between the different PMMA base materials in terms of surface roughness; however, there were statistically significant differences in bacterial colonization. Our study showed that mechanical polishing yielded better results than light-activated glazing agents. How to cite this article: Yarar S, Değer Y, Tekin S. Effect of different polishing methods applied to denture base materials on microbial adhesion and surface roughness. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230351. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230351CAD-CAM, digital, PMMA, polishing, surface roughnessSadi Yarar, Yalçın Değer, Samet Tekine230351 -
Effect of hesperidin on deltamethrin toxicity in rat periodontal membrane
Aim: Deltamethrin (DM), a hydrophobic and lipophilic substance used for insect control, easily accumulates in the body, increasing ROS production and causing mucosal inflammation and damage. The aim of this study was to explore the prophylactic effects of hesperidin on DM toxicity in periodontal membrane. Methods: The study was conducted for 14 days on 21 male Wistar albino rats. The experimental animals were divided into three groups (n=7): The Sham group received 0.9% NaCl (1 mL). The deltamethrin group received 0.5 mg/kg DM (1 mL, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide). The deltamethrin + hesperidin group received DM (0.5 mg/kg) + hesperidin (100 mg/kg) (both drugs dissolved in 1 mL dimethyl sulfoxide). All treatments were administered daily via the orogastric route for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and biochemical and histological analyses were performed. Results: The biochemical tests showed significantly higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the deltamethrin group than in the Sham group. Combined application of hesperidin and deltamethrin resulted in significantly lower MDA levels in the deltamethrin + hesperidin group than in the deltamethrin group. Histopathological examination of the periodontal tissues of the deltamethrin group revealed cell degeneration at the alveolar bone-tooth junction, including atypical cells, irregularity in collagen fibers, dilatation and congestion of the blood vessels, and inflammatory cell infiltrates distributed in aggregate and solitary forms. The deltamethrin + hesperidin group showed substantially less cell degeneration. Conclusion: Hesperidin application helped alleviate deltamethrin toxicity by preventing oxidative stress and reducing cell degeneration. How to cite this article: İpek F, Deveci E, İpek P. Effect of hesperidin on deltamethrin toxicity in rat periodontal membrane. J Med Dent Invest 2023;4:e230332. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230332 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.Hesperidin, deltamethrin, periodontal membrane, ratFikret İpek, Engin Deveci, Polat İpeke230332 -
Effects of two different chelation solutions and activation protocols on the push-out bond strength of a bioceramic sealer
Introduction: This study evaluated the effects of glycolic acid (GA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation solutions on the push-out bond strength of AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer when activated using passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and XP-endo Finisher (XPF) activation protocols. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 similarly sized extracted mandibular premolars were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12). All canals were prepared using Reciproc (25.08) instruments. Irrigation was performed using 5 ml of 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) between instruments, totaling 20 ml of NaOCl per canal. The teeth were divided into four groups for the final irrigation: Group 1: GA+PUI; Group 2: GA+XPF; Group 3: EDTA+PUI; and Group 4: EDTA+XPF. NaOCl was activated for 1 minute in all groups, followed by chelator activation for 30 seconds with the designated activation system. Canals were filled using the single-cone technique and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer. The samples were incubated for one week. A single horizontal middle dentin section of 2 ± 0.1 mm thickness was prepared from each root. Push-out bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine with a loading rate of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis H and Mann–Whitney U tests, with a p < 0.05 significance level. Results: There were no statistically significant differences among the GA+PUI, GA+XPF, EDTA+PUI, and EDTA+XPF groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both EDTA and GA showed similar bond strength effectiveness when activated by either irrigation activation system. How to cite this article: Batur M, Kılıvan H, Yeniçeri Özata M, Tellioğlu Avcı GR. Effects of two different chelation solutions and activation protocols on the push-out bond strength of a bioceramic sealer. J Med Dent Invest 2024;5:e240342. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e240342Passive ultrasonic irrigation, XP-endo Finisher, push-out bond strength, EDTA, glycolic acidMuharrem Batur, Hasret Kılıvan, Merve Yeniçeri Özata, Güliz Rana Tellioğlu Avcıe240342 -
Endodontic treatment in primary teeth
Endodontic treatment in primary teeth, commonly referred to as pulpectomy, is an essential clinical procedure aimed at preserving primary teeth affected by pulp or periradicular infections until their physiological exfoliation. Maintaining primary teeth is crucial for proper mastication, speech development, arch integrity, and guidance of permanent tooth eruption. This comprehensive review summarizes current concepts, materials, and techniques used in the root canal treatment of primary teeth, with a focus on improving clinical outcomes. The complex and dynamic root canal anatomy of primary teeth, particularly the presence of physiological root resorption, presents unique challenges for endodontic procedures. Successful treatment depends on accurate diagnosis, careful case selection, effective chemomechanical preparation, optimal irrigation, and the use of appropriate root canal filling materials. Irrigation plays a critical role in eliminating microorganisms that cannot be removed by mechanical instrumentation alone. Commonly used irrigants include sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid, and newer combination solutions, each with specific advantages and limitations regarding antimicrobial activity, tissue dissolution, and biocompatibility. Advances in instrumentation, particularly the use of nickel–titanium rotary systems specifically designed for pediatric patients, have improved cleaning efficiency, reduced treatment time, and enhanced patient cooperation. Determination of working length using electronic apex locators in combination with radiography has further increased procedural accuracy while minimizing radiation exposure. Root canal filling materials for primary teeth must meet specific criteria, including biocompatibility, adequate antimicrobial properties, resorption compatible with physiological root resorption, and safety for the underlying permanent tooth germ. Zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide–based pastes, iodoform-containing materials, and newer bioceramic-based pastes are commonly used, although no material fully satisfies all ideal requirements. In conclusion, endodontic treatment in primary teeth is a reliable and effective approach when performed with proper technique and material selection. Continuous updates in materials and technologies, along with adherence to evidence-based protocols, are essential for enhancing treatment success and supporting the overall oral health and development of pediatric patients.Primary tooth root canal treatment, root canal filling materials, irrigation solutions, chemomechanical preparationGizem Karagöz Doğan, Yelda Polat, Sema Çelenke250069 -
Epidermolysis bullosa accompanied by amelogenesis imperfecta: A report of three cases and literature review
Introduction: Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by skin and mucosal fragility. Similarly, Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a genetic condition that affects the development of dental enamel, leading to structural anomalies. Specific gene mutations, such as those affecting COL17A1, are known to cause both conditions, notably in patients with Junctional EB. This study explores the clinical presentations of three patients diagnosed with both AI and EB, with two cases confirmed to have COL17A1 mutations, linking the genetic mutation to both enamel defects and EBs. Case Reports: The clinical findings from three patients are reported. Two of the cases were diagnosed with Junctional EB, with genetic testing confirming COL17A1 mutations, which correlated with the presentation of hypoplastic enamel and pitting. All patients exhibited gingivitis and oral mucosal fragility, which posed challenges in maintaining oral hygiene. Discussion: Maintaining oral hygiene in patients with EB is particularly challenging due to the fragility of their oral mucosa. These challenges are exacerbated by the low socioeconomic status of the patients, limiting access to proper oral care tools. The study explores oral management strategies, including the use of soft toothbrushes, sucralfate for ulcer management, and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Regular dental check-ups and early intervention are emphasized as essential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Conclusion: It is crucial for dental practitioners to identify signs of AI in EB patients and to ensure timely referrals and consultations. Furthermore, EB patients should be referred to dental professionals early to prevent oral complications. A multidisciplinary approach is vital for addressing the complex needs of these patients effectively.Amelogenesis imperfecta, epidermolysis bullosa, genetic disorders, COL17A1Alev Eda Okutan, Ali Menteş, Ayşe Deniz Yücelten, Gamze Arene250066 -
Evaluation of dentists’ approach to retreatment in Turkey: A survey study
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the approaches that dentists working in Turkey take to retreatment. Methods: A questionnaire with 16 questions regarding gender, institution, specialty, experience, and root canal treatment stages was distributed to 223 dentists. The collected questionnaires were analyzed in R 4.0.0 programming language. A chi-square test analyzed the categorical variables. The statistical analyses were performed at a 5% significance level. Results: A statistically significant relationship was found between the years spent practicing dentistry and the methods of determining the length of root canal treatment ( p < 0.05). The relationship between the choices of irrigation agents for canal treatment and the professional title was found to be statistically significant ( p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between gender and other parameters ( p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the treatment protocol applied in molar teeth with lesions, the success rate of the patients who underwent retreatment, and the practitioners’ specializations ( p < 0.05). The relationship between retreatment in unsuccessful root canal treatments and the institution studied was also statistically significant ( p < 0.05). A total of 66% of dentists working in Oral and Dental Health Center, 88% of dentists working in private clinics, and 90% of dentists working at universities reported that they performed retreatment. The relationships among the frequency of endodontic treatment, the use of magnification while performing root canal treatment, the group of teeth that was most often treated, and the institutions in which dentists work were also found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: In this survey study, which was conducted to evaluate the practice of endodontic treatment, the rate of dentists performing endodontic treatments was found to have increased. Endodontists performed retreatment cases at a higher rate than general practitioners. Dentists with less professional experience had higher rates of endodontic treatment for difficult–to–treat molars than those with more professional experience. How to cite this article: Tellioğlu Avcı GR. Evaluation of dentists’ approach to retreatment in Turkey: A survey study. J Med Dent Invest 2023;4:e230314. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230324 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.Retreatment, endodontics, endodontics practice, surveyGüliz Rana Tellioğlu Avcıe230324 -
Evaluation of the clinical characteristics of antiepileptic drug poisoning in children: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Aim: The objective of this study was to delineate the clinical and laboratory manifestations of antiepileptic drug toxicity in pediatric patients, to ascertain the characteristics of intoxication according to age group, and to appraise the management of these patients. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study included 39 pediatric patients aged 1 month to 18 years who presented with antiepileptic drug poisoning to a tertiary pediatric emergency department between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, laboratory and electrocardiogram findings, antiepileptic drug types and levels, gastrointestinal decontamination practices, hospitalization units, length of stay, and outcomes were recorded. Patients were stratified by poisoning intent (accidental vs. intentional) and age group. Continuous variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test, while categorical variables were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test, continuity correction chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. A two-sided p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Twenty-two (56.4%) of the cases were accidental, while 17 (43.6%) were intentional and aimed at self-harm. Twenty-five (64.1%) of the patients had no underlying disease; however, seven (17.9%) had epilepsy, three (7.8%) had epilepsy and intellectual disability, two (5.1%) had bipolar disorder, one (2.6%) had substance addiction, and one (2.6%) had syncope. Among the patients, 18 (46.2%) were poisoned with carbamazepine, 13 (33.3%) with sodium valproate, two (5.1%) with phenobarbital, two (5.1%) with diazepam, one (2.6%) with clonazepam, one (2.6%) with levetiracetam, one (2.6%) with oxcarbazepine, and one (2.6%) with lacosamide. All self-harm cases (n = 17) involved individuals aged ≥ 12 years, and a positive correlation was observed between age and self-harm cases, particularly at age 12 and above (p = 0.001). Girls were more likely to engage in self-harm, whereas boys were more likely to be accidentally poisoned (p = 0.011). Additionally, a significant relationship was observed between self-harm cases and multiple drug ingestion (p = 0.022). Conclusion: The present study observed a higher frequency of poisoning cases involving carbamazepine and sodium valproate, which are frequently used for epilepsy and non-epileptic indications, compared to other antiepileptic drugs. It is imperative for clinicians to exercise caution and refrain from prescribing these medications in excessive quantities or at elevated doses. It is also noteworthy that symptoms of poisoning may emerge even in cases where the antiepileptic dose is non-toxic or the drug level is low.Antiepileptic drugs, poisoning, childhood, accident, self-harmEmre Güngör, Nilden Tuygun, Deniz Yüksele250100 -
Evaluation of the nutritional status of patients hospitalized in a university hospital
Aim: Malnutrition is a common condition in hospitalized patients. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of patients hospitalized in the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Medical Faculty Training and Research Hospital and to determine physicians' awareness of this issue. Methods: In this study, patients hospitalized in different wards were evaluated prospectively. The 485 patients over the age of 18 who were hospitalized in different wards were included in the study. The chronic disease history of the patients was evaluated. The patients were evaluated twice, at admission and on the 7th day of hospitalization. Height, weight, body mass index, and upper arm circumference were measured with the NRS 2002 (Nutritional Risk Scoring) screening test to determine the nutritional status of the patients. Descriptive statistical methods were used in the evaluation of the data, and the chi-square test was used in the comparison of qualitative data ( p < 0.05). Results: Of the patients included in the study, 42% were female and 58% were male. There was no statistical difference in the comparison of the presence of malnutrition by gender. According to the first NRS 2002 measurements of the patients, malnutrition was not found in 78.1% of all patients, while the presence of malnutrition was found in 21.9% of the patients. 100 of the 105 patients with malnutrition were found to be over 65 years old. According to the second NRS 2002 measurements, while 31.2% of patients over 65 years of age had malnutrition, 3.1% of patients under 65 years of age had malnutrition. Conclusion: The rate of malnutrition increased as the presence of chronic disease and age increased. It was seen that most of the patients who were found to have malnutrition in the first evaluation were not provided with nutritional support, and the rate of noticing and treating malnutrition by physicians was not sufficient. How to cite this article: Bardak S, Beyazal Polat H. Evaluation of the nutritional status of patients hospitalized in a university hospital. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230357. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230357Nutrition, malnutrition, hospitalized patients, chronic disease, body mass index, BMISelçuk Bardak, Hatice Beyazal Polate230357 -
Evaluation of the relationship between lipid profiles and inflammatory parameters in patients with acne vulgaris
Aim: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, which typically begins in adolescence but can occur at any age throughout life. The role of lipid metabolism in sebum synthesis in sebaceous glands in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is still being studied. This study aims to investigate the relationship between lipid profiles and inflammatory markers in patients with acne vulgaris and those without. Methods: This study is designed as a retrospective study where the medical records of patients were reviewed. A total of 71 individuals, aged between 12 and 30, who applied to the Dermatology Clinic of Mardin Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2022, and February 31, 2024, were included. Of these, 48 individuals were diagnosed with acne vulgaris and had not received any treatment, while 23 individuals were healthy controls with no history of chronic inflammatory systemic diseases or endocrine pathology. Demographic information (age, gender), lipid profile (cholesterol; CHO, triglycerides; TG, low-density lipoprotein; LDL, high-density lipoprotein; HDL), and inflammatory parameters (mean platelet volume; MPV, immature granulocyte; IG, platelet-large cell ratio; P-LCR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; NLR, platelet-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio; MLR, and systemic immune-inflammation index; SII) were recorded. Appropriate statistical methods were used to evaluate the relationship between demographic characteristics, lipid profiles, and inflammatory parameters, depending on the type and distribution of the data. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant difference was observed in terms of demographic data between the patient groups. When lipid profiles and inflammatory parameters were compared between patients with acne vulgaris and the control group, TG levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p = 0.039). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of CHO, HDL, LDL, MPV, IG, P-LCR, NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII parameters (p > 0.05). According to Pearson correlation analysis, a positive correlation was found between P-LCR and CHO (R: 0.399, p = 0.001) and HDL (R: 0.279, p = 0.022), while a negative correlation was reported between P-LCR and LDL (R: -0.317, p = 0.000). Conclusion: In our study, TG levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with acne vulgaris, and a correlation between P-LCR and lipid profile was reported. Our findings emphasize the necessity of considering the interaction between lipid profiles and inflammatory parameters in the treatment approach of patients with acne vulgaris.Acne Vulgaris, lipid metabolism, lipid profiles, inflammatory parametersGül Şahika Gökdemir, Semahat Alp, Cemal Nas, Hasret Ecevite240384 -
Evaluation of the usability of ChatGPT-4 Pro and Gemini 2.5 Pro in patient education about brain tumors
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the reliability of ChatGPT-4 Pro and Gemini 2.5 Pro chatbots through a systematic evaluation of the responses provided by neurosurgical specialists to patients' inquiries regarding brain tumors. Methods: The present study was conducted using artificial intelligence programs, and there is no relationship between the authors and the AI companies and sites associated with the study. The final tally revealed that a total of 56 frequently asked questions were identified. The present study will examine the ChatGPT-4 Pro and Gemini 2.5 Pro. The responses furnished by both artificial intelligence models were produced in Turkish and subsequently assessed by two independent neurosurgeons. The evaluation of the responses was conducted by two independent evaluators, who assigned scores without the knowledge of each other's evaluations. In the event that two neurosurgeons assigned the same score to a given response, it was accepted as final. In instances of discordance, a collaborative discussion was initiated, culminating in the determination and documentation of a consensus score. Results: The distribution of these questions is illustrated in Table 2. The mean GPT score for anatomy questions was 4.25 ± 0.88, while the mean GEMINI score was 4.50 ± 0.53 (p = 0.282). For inquiries pertaining to general questions, the mean GPT score was 4.43 ± 0.81, while the mean GEMINI score was 4.38 ± 0.81 (p = 0.500). Inquiries pertaining to prognostication and daily living activities revealed a mean GPT score of 5.00 ± 0.00, accompanied by a mean GEMINI score of 4.57 ± 0.78 (p = 0.100). In the treatment questions, the mean GPT score was 4.63 ± 0.67, while the mean GEMINI score was 4.36 ± 0.67 (p = 0.138). Figure 1 presents a comparative analysis categorized by inquiry group. A comparison of the mean scores revealed that GPT and GEMINI exhibited similar performance, with mean scores of 4.54 and 4.44, respectively. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that large language model (LLM) technologies, including ChatGPT-4 Pro and Gemini 2.5 Pro, exhibit considerable promise in the provision of information and guidance to patients. Furthermore, the investigation revealed that artificial intelligence models do not demonstrate a substantial degree of superiority in the education of patients regarding brain tumors.Artificial intelligence, ChatGPT-4 Pro, Gemini 2.5 Pro, chatbot, brain, tumorUmut Ogün Mutlucan, Cihan Bedel, Fatih Selvi, Ökkeş Zortuk, Cezmi Çağrı Türke250132 -
Evaluation of the usability of ChatGPT-4o and Gemini 2.5 Pro in patient education about lumbar disc herniation
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and reliability of ChatGPT-4o and Gemini-2.5 Pro in providing patient education on lumbar disc herniation (LDH) by assessing their responses to frequently asked questions. Methodology: A list of 35 common patient questions about LDH and its treatment was compiled from neurosurgery and orthopedic websites. These questions were translated into Turkish and posed to both ChatGPT-4o and Gemini-2.5 Pro. Two independent neurosurgeons evaluated the responses using a 5-point scoring system (5 = accurate and understandable; 1 = incorrect/irrelevant). Discrepancies were resolved through joint review and consensus. Statistical analysis, including paired t-tests, was conducted using SPSS. Results: Both ChatGPT and Gemini showed similar overall performance with an average score of 4.74. While ChatGPT significantly outperformed Gemini in the "Exercise and Physical Activity" category (p=0.039), there were no significant differences in other categories, such as "Treatment," "Symptoms," "Surgical Treatment and Recommendations," or "Diagnosis". The findings suggest that large language models hold promise for patient information and guidance, but neither demonstrated a substantial overall superiority in educating patients about LDH. Conclusion: The findings suggest that large language models such as ChatGPT and Google Gemini show considerable promise for providing information and guidance to patients. While ChatGPT exhibited a significant advantage in the "Exercise and Physical Activity" category, overall, neither model demonstrated substantial superiority in educating patients about LDH. Further development is necessary to ensure accuracy and reliability for medical applications.ChatGPT-4, Gemini, patient education, lumbar disc herniationUmut Ogün Mutlucan, Ökkeş Zortuke250131 -
Examination of the plasma amino acid profiles in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients
Aim: The aim of our study is to determine the possible role of plasma amino acids before and after treatment in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) patients, to reveal the profile of amino acid metabolites in the development of thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid disease. Methods: Thirty HT patients and thirty healthy individuals were included in this study. Demographic data of the patients were recorded. Plasma amino acid profile was measured with 8045 LC-MS/MS device. Multivariate statistical analysis of the studied parameters was performed. Results: In our study, average levels of alanine, arginin, aspartic acid, citrulline, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, alloisoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, alpha amino pimelic acid, anserine, argininosuccinic acid, beta and gamma amino butyric acid, 1-3 methylhistidine, hydroxy proline, cystine, homocystine, ethanolamine, 5-OH-tryptophan alpha amino adipic acid and taurine were found to be significantly lower in HT group who did not receive treatment than the control group ( p <0.05). Other amino acids levels such as arginine, citrulline, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, alpha amino adipic acid, alpha amino pimelic acid, anserine, argininosuccinic acid, beta and gamma amino butyric acid, hydroxyproline, cystine, homocystine, allo-isoleucine, ethanolamine, 5-oh-trp and taurine were found to be significantly low at post treatment. The except was serine which its level was significantly higher than the control group ( p <0.001). Conclusion: In our study, the amino acid profile may be a potential biomarker in diagnosis, therapy, follow-up and prognosis of HT. This study also provides the relationship between amino acid profiles and HT. More basic studies are needed for the real mechanism of amino acids in elucidation of HT. How to cite: Bayraktar M, Eren MA, Bayraktar N. Examination of the plasma amino acid profiles in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients. J Med Dent Invest 2024;5:e240354. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e240354Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid disease, metabolomics, plasma amino acids, LS-MS/MSMustafa Bayraktar, Mehmet Ali Eren, Nihayet Bayraktare240354 -
Finite element stress analysis in mandibular molars with apical root resorption and crown destruction after root canal treatment using various materials
Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze the stress distribution of root canal treated teeth under occlusal forces and aid in the selection of appropriate materials for teeth with root tip resorption and crown destruction, using the finite element stress analysis method (FEM). Methods: The study was conducted on two-rooted lower molar teeth, divided into five groups. The root length was 14 mm, the crown length was 7.5 mm, and the total length was 21.5 mm. It was assumed that the distal canals were resorbed by 4 mm. Group 1 consisted of untreated intact teeth. Group 2 involved filling the mesial canals with gutta-percha, filling the apical part of the distal canal with 4 mm Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), and fabricating the crown using glass fiber post and IPS e.max materials. Group 3 involved filling the mesial canals with gutta-percha, filling the apical part of the distal canal with 4 mm Biodentin, and manufacturing the crown using glass fiber post and IPS e.max materials. Group 4: The canals were filled with MTA, and an IPS e.max endocrown was used. Group 5: The canals were filled with Biodentin and an IPS e.max endocrown was used. The study examined the effect of a 100 Newton force applied in the occlusal direction on dental tissues using finite element stress analysis. Results: The study found that the application of fiber posts resulted in less stress accumulation in tooth tissues compared to endocrown. Conclusion: The use of Biodentin or MTA in endocrown teeth did not affect the stress in tooth tissues caused by applied force. In conclusion, while fiber posts increase durability by reducing stress in root-end resorbed teeth, the effect of Biodentin or MTA on stress resistance in dental tissues is limited. How to cite this article: Duran S, Şirin DA, Topbaş C. Finite element stress analysis in mandibular molars with apical root resorption and crown destruction after root canal treatment using various materials. J Med Dent Invest 2024;5:e240320. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e240320Apical Resorption, Biodentine, endocrown, finite element analysis, glass fiber post, mineral trioxide aggregateSerkan Duran, Dursun Ali Şirin, Celalettin Topbaşe240320 -
Full-arch dental impressions: Conventional, digital, and photogrammetric techniques
Advances in digital dentistry now permit the fabrication of full-arch prosthetic restorations through a fully digital workflow, extending from impression acquisition to the production of the definitive prosthesis. Intraoral scanning has become an acceptable alternative to conventional impression techniques, providing valuable information for diagnosis, restorative dentistry, orthodontic analysis, and implant-supported prosthodontics. Despite the many advantages offered by digital methods, conventional impression techniques using polyether, polyvinyl siloxane, and vinyl siloxanether materials remain widely used by clinicians because of their excellent dimensional stability and well-documented precision. This review compares and critically discusses conventional and digital impression techniques for acquiring full-arch dental registrations, with particular attention to their accuracy, advantages, limitations, and clinical indications. The accuracy of digital impressions is strongly influenced by inter-implant distance, scan span length, scan body geometry and material, scanner type, operator experience, and intraoral conditions such as mobile mucosa, saliva, and limited anatomical landmarks. For single-unit and short-span restorations of up to four or five units, intraoral scanning achieves accuracy comparable to that of conventional techniques. In long-span and full-arch restorations, however, accuracy tends to decline owing to cumulative image-stitching errors and the scarcity of reference points, a problem that is especially pronounced in completely edentulous arches. Photogrammetry has emerged as a promising alternative for the reliable registration of multiple implant positions, although it inadequately captures peri-implant soft tissues. Overall, technique selection depends primarily on the number of teeth or implants and the distance between them; conventional methods remain preferable for completely edentulous patients, whereas digital workflows are suitable for restorations spanning up to three or four implants. Despite persisting limitations, digital techniques are strong candidates to eventually outperform conventional approaches in dentistry.Full-arch impression, conventional impression, digital impression, intraoral scanner, photogrammetry, implant-supported prosthesis, impression accuracyEbru Sümer Ekine260826 -
How should I scan for measurement accuracy in full-arch scans?
The integration of intraoral scanners (IOSs) into routine clinical practice has transformed full-arch digital impression-making, offering improved patient comfort and the potential for high measurement accuracy. However, ensuring reliable trueness and precision across large arch spans remains challenging because of the cumulative errors that arise when extended areas are scanned, which can compromise the fit of prosthetic restorations, generate stress within implant-supported frameworks, and introduce clinically relevant errors in orthodontic planning. This review synthesizes the current evidence on the technical, biological, and operator-related factors that influence full-arch scanning accuracy and outlines clinically applicable strategies to minimize error. The principal challenges discussed include local error accumulation, patient movement, saliva and moisture, soft-tissue mobility in edentulous arches, and operator fatigue, all of which can lead to volumetric deformation of the digital model. Key determinants of accuracy are examined, including scanner technology, scanning path and starting-point selection, operator experience, oral humidity, ambient light, and implant scan-body characteristics. Recommended scanning patterns—linear, zigzag, and segmental approaches—are compared and discussed, together with region-specific strategies for the anterior and posterior segments. The evidence indicates that a disciplined protocol markedly improves trueness and precision: linear progression from the posterior toward the anterior region, segmental scanning in implant-supported cases, regular scanner calibration, a constant scanning speed and distance, effective moisture and ambient-light control, the use of matte scan bodies such as PEEK, and continuous operator training. Future research should prioritize intelligent auto-alignment algorithms, standardized implant scan-body geometries and materials, multicenter evaluation of environmental conditions, and artificial-intelligence-based real-time error detection to further enhance the reliability of digital impressions in clinical practice.Full-arch scanning, intraoral scanner, trueness and precision, segmental scanning, digital impressionSavaş Sağmak, Muhammed Burak Süzene260829 -
How to manage the cataract with nystagmus under topical anesthesia: A case report
In the case, we aim to point out the way to manage the cataract with nystagmus under topical anesthesia in phacoemulsification surgery. A 62-year-old female patient came to department of ophthalmology in January 2020 with a complaint of blurry vision in her right eye for a year. The observed visual acuity of the subject's right eye was measured to be 0.15. During the biomicroscopic examination, the presence of bilateral nystagmus and cortical cataract was observed. The iris and retina were found to be undamaged. No lens subluxation was seen. Under topical anesthesia in phacoemulsification surgery, globe stabilization was provided by holding the conjunctival pouch. With one hand and with the other hand, capsulorhexis, the most critical part of the operation was achieved. The case we present is close to point out the easy method to explain to manage this kind of cataracts. How to cite this article: Alaçamlı G. How to manage the cataract with nystagmus under topical anesthesia: A case report. J Med Dent Invest 2023;4:e230329. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230329 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.Phacoemulsification, nystagmus, eye, involuntary eye movements, cataractGöksu Alaçamlıe230329 -
Impact of dental fear and anxiety on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)
The aim of this review was to discuss the effect of dental fear and anxiety on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children, based on recent literature. Oral health is an important part of general health and allows individuals to eat, speak, and interact socially without pain or discomfort. Quality of life includes physical, emotional, and social well-being. The concept of OHRQoL combines these two areas and is especially important in pediatric dentistry, as oral problems can strongly affect children’s daily lives. Dental fear is a common emotional response to the dental environment, while dental anxiety refers to persistent worry about dental treatment. The prevalence of dental fear and anxiety in children varies widely across studies due to differences in age, culture, and assessment methods. Children who experience dental fear and anxiety often avoid visiting the dentist. As a result, oral health problems such as dental caries may remain untreated and worsen over time, leading to pain and infection. The article highlights a bidirectional relationship between dental fear and oral health. Poor oral health, especially tooth decay and toothache, can increase dental fear and anxiety. At the same time, dental anxiety causes children to avoid dental care, which further worsens oral health. This negative cycle affects several aspects of OHRQoL, including chewing ability, speech, appearance, emotional well-being, and social interaction. Consequently, children may experience reduced self-confidence and lower overall quality of life. Parental factors, particularly maternal dental anxiety, play an important role in the development of dental fear in children. Low socioeconomic status, lower educational level, irregular dental visits, and negative previous dental experiences are also associated with higher anxiety levels. The review emphasizes the importance of early detection of dental fear and anxiety. Positive dental experiences, regular dental visits, and appropriate behavioral guidance techniques can help reduce anxiety and improve cooperation. In conclusion, early intervention and effective management of dental fear and anxiety are essential to improve children’s oral health and enhance their oral health-related quality of life.Dental fear, dental anxiety, oral health‑related quality of life, OHRQoL, pediatric dentistryÖzlem Beren Satılmışe250068 -
Impact of malocclusion on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)
Aim: The present study aims to examine the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) among patients with orthodontic complaints in terms of malocclusion classification from the aspects of gender and age. Methods: The present study was carried out using face-to-face interviews with 150 patients (73 females and 77 males) aged between 12 and 34 years. Demographic information, including age and gender, was requested from the patients via the questionnaire form. Participants were requested to complete the abbreviated version of the OHIP-14 to assess the OHRQoL. Patients were classified into three groups: Class I (n = 50), II (n = 65), and III (n = 35) by Angle classification. In order to measure the OHRQoL, the patients were asked to answer the Turkish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). The statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA, Bonferroni, and the Student’s t-test. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: In OHRQoL, the Class III group was found to have statistically significantly higher values when compared to the Class II and Class I groups ( p < 0.05). The mean scores in the psychological discomfort and handicap subscales were found to be statistically significantly higher ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Malocclusion has a negative effect on OHRQoL. The increasing severity of malocclusion causes lower OHRQoL. How to cite this article: Topal R. Impact of malocclusion on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230354. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230354Malocclusion, oral health-related quality of life, Oral Health Impact Profile-14, orthodontic patient, orthodontic treatmentRefika Topale230354 -
Investigation of the predictive effect of hematologic indices in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
Aim: This study investigated the role of systemic inflammatory markers in predicting mortality among intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. ICH is a severe stroke subtype with high mortality and disability rates. Methods: Researchers analyzed data from patients who underwent surgery, including decompressive craniectomy, between 2015 and 2023. The study examined demographic data, comorbidities, observation periods, mortality rates, hemogram, and biochemistry parameters. Patients were divided into survivor (n=1205) and non-survivor (n=440) groups. Results: Results showed non-survivors had lower hemoglobin levels and significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to survivors. Inflammatory indices like the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) were also elevated in the non-survivor group. Cut-off values were determined for predicting outcomes. For example, the SII cut-off was 1793.62 (65,4% sensitivity, 58,9% specificity), and the SIRI cut-off was 4.81 (63,4% sensitivity, 58% specificity). Conclusion: The study concluded that elevated white blood cell counts, SIRI, SII, and CRP levels are associated with increased mortality risk in ICH patients. How to cite this article Mutlucan UO, Zortuk Ö. Investigation of the predictive effect of hematologic indices in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. J Med Dent Invest 2025;6:e250189.Intracerebral hemorrhage, SIRI, mortality, decompressionUmut Ogün Mutlucan, Okkeş Zortuke250189 -
Investigation of the prevalence of potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey: A 5-year retrospective study
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the region, frequency, distribution, age, and sex of histopathologically diagnosed oral malignant and oral potentially malignant lesions obtained from patients admitted to the Department of Pathology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Methods: The pathological data of oral malignant and potentially malignant lesions histopathologically diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, between 2018 and 2023, were retrospectively reviewed. Potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions were classified, and their distribution according to region, age, and sex was analyzed. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to analyze the conformity of continuous variables to the normal distribution. The type I error level was accepted as 5% in statistical analyses. Results: Among 161 patients with oral or potential malignancy, 76 (47.2%) were female and 85 (52.8%) were male, with a mean age of 53.9 ± 17.4 years. The most common lesions were found in the buccal mucosa (40.4%). When 104 malignant lesions were analyzed, the most common lesion was oral squamous cell carcinoma with a rate of 75%, and when 57 potentially malignant lesions were analyzed, 38 (66.7%) of the patients had lichen planus, and 19 (33.3%) had leukoplakia. Conclusion: This retrospective study shows the distribution, frequency, and characteristics of malignant lesions in the oral cavity in a group of populations, especially in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, and allows comparison with studies in different populations. How to cite this article: Kaplan B, Alabalık U, Akşahin C, Çolak M, Ortaç H. Investigation of the prevalence of potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey: A 5-year retrospective study. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230348. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230348Malignant oral lesion, potentially malignant oral lesion, oral squamous cell carcinoma, histopathology, retrospective studyBahar Kaplan, Ulaş Alabalık, Cihat Akşahin, Mehmet Çolak, Hatice Ortaçe230348 -
Molar incisor hypomineralization: A complex puzzle
Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) was first described in 2001 as a developmental enamel defect characterized by hypomineralization, typically affecting incisors along with at least one first permanent molar. According to current systematic reviews and meta-analyses, its global prevalence ranges between 13.1% and 14.2%. Although research on its etiology is ongoing, various prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors originating from the mother and child, as well as environmental and genetic/epigenetic factors, are thought to contribute to this condition. The affected teeth exhibit white/creamy and yellow/brown demarcated opacities, post-eruptive enamel breakdown, atypical dental caries and restorations, hypersensitivity, and aesthetic problems. Consequently, the teeth are quickly damaged, and their functions are compromised. This condition also affects the psychosocial development and quality of life of affected individuals. Despite numerous treatment methods being tried on anterior and posterior teeth affected by MIH, research continues to progress with advancements in material science and a better understanding of the disease's pathophysiology. Studies have not only focused on materials but have also explored different caries removal techniques and preparation methods for the affected teeth. While understanding and consensus on certain aspects of MIH have increased since it was first described, many issues remain unresolved. These include the regional and global prevalence of the disease, its etiology, treatment options for affected anterior and posterior teeth, and the short- and long-term success of these treatment materials and methods. This article aimed to comprehensively discuss the ‘’still to solve’’ issues related to MIH as a complex puzzle and provide up-to-date information on these topics.Developmental defects of enamel, enamel hypomineralization, first permanent molar, molar incisor hypomineralization, prevalence, remineralization, treatmentBerkant Sezer, Betül Kargüle250071 -
Morphological analysis of the hypoglossal canal and its relationship with surrounding anatomical structures
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglossal canal morphologically and to emphasize the importance of its relation to the adjacent anatomical structures, which may affect some surgical procedures, such as the transcondylar surgical approach. Methods: In the study, 25 adult human skulls belonging to Bursa Uludağ University Anatomy Laboratories were evaluated. The 19 parameters were measured on the skulls. Results: The distance between the hypoglossal canal and the anterior border of the occipital condyle was found to be 15.8 ± 2.8 mm on the left side and 15.8 ± 3.1 mm on the right side. The external distance between the hypoglossal canal and the anterior border of the occipital condyle was found to be 11.5 ± 2 mm on the left and 11.6 ± 2 mm on the right. The distance between the hypoglossal canal and the posterior margin of the occipital condyle was 11.7 ± 1.8 mm on the left side and 12.2 ± 2.1 mm on the right side. Furthermore, the distance measured externally between the same anatomical structures was found to be 14.04 ± 1.89 mm and 14.4 ± 1.6 mm on the left and right, respectively. We also found a positive correlation between the length of the foramen magnum and the occipital condyle. In addition, the diameter of the foramen magnum and the distance between the hypoglossal canal and the anterior margin of the occipital condyle were positively correlated. Conclusion: In the transcondylar approach, the locations of important anatomical structures must be well known to perform a safe occipital condyle resection without harming the neural tissue. Especially surgeons should pay attention to the distances between the hypoglossal canal and the anterior and posterior margins of the occipital condyle in order to prevent hypoglossal nerve injury. The operational success of a condylectomy may be affected by the length of the hypoglossal canal. A detailed anatomical assessment is needed before similar procedures to avoid surgical injuries. How to cite this article: Yıldız Yılmaz M, Babacan S, Kafa İM, Coşkun İ. Morphological analysis of the hypoglossal canal and its relationship with surrounding anatomical structures. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230343. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230343Morphological analysis, hypoglossal canal, transcondylar approach, occipital condyleMeriç Yıldız Yılmaz, Serdar Babacan, İlker Mustafa Kafa, İhsaniye Coşkune230343 -
Morphological changes in blood cells in a rat model of cadmium poisoning
Aim: Cadmium (Cd), a toxic metal that accumulates in the environment as a result of industrial and agricultural activities, poses a serious threat to the health of living organisms. Cd is also an important component of environmental pollution. Cd salts dissolve in organs. Therefore, it is one of the heavy metals that can cause toxic effects on the hematological system. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes in blood cells induced by cadmium (Cd) exposure in a rat model. Methods: Fourteen male Wistar Albino rats (8-10 weeks old; 300-350 g) were divided into control and Cd-exposed groups, each consisting of seven rats. Cadmium chloride was administered via intraperitoneal injection. Peripheral blood smear analysis was performed to assess the morphology of blood cells. Morphological abnormalities were identified and recorded using light microscopy. Results: Significant structural alterations were observed in erythrocytes, including target cells, echinocytes, Howell-Jolly bodies, and hypochromia in the Cd-exposed group. Neutrophils showed increased nuclear lobulation and deformation. No significant change in cell morphology was observed in the control group, and normal structural features were preserved in erythrocytes and neutrophils. Conclusion: This study shows that cadmium (Cd) exposure causes significant morphological changes in the hematological system. Erythrocyte deformations, hypochromia, and Howell-Jolly bodies suggest that Cd may increase the risk of anemia by disrupting erythrocyte membrane integrity. These changes may serve as early markers of Cd toxicity. How to cite this article: Gökdemir GŞ. Morphological changes in blood cells in a rat model of cadmium poisoning. J Med Dent Invest 2025;6:e250165. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e250165Cadmium, peripheral blood smear, cadmium poisoning, blood cells, ratGül Şahika Gökdemire250165 -
Non-fluoride systems for enamel remineralization: Types and mechanisms
Dental caries is a significant global public health issue, despite advancements in oral hygiene practices and the emergence of new protective substances. Although it is a progressive chronic condition, can be prevented and remineralized at an early stages without the formation of cavities. Minimally invasive dentistry emphasizes the importance of preventing strategies for remineralization of White spot lesions. New approaches are being developed to promote deeper lesion remineralization, minimize the risks associated with high fluoride levels, and ensure long-term carries control. Non-fluoride remineralization can be classified into two categories: those that enhance the efficacy of fluoride and biomimetic systems that imitate enamel regeneration. The aim of this brief paper is to review the some commonly used non-fluoride remineralization systems and mechanisms, challenges, and evidence underpinning some of the technological advances in enamel remineralization.Dental caries, remineralization, non-fluoride remineralization agentsBetül Kargül, Nur Kodaman Dokumacıgil, Ayşe Nur Parlakyıldız Gökçee250074 -
Oral manifestations of mucopolysaccharidosis
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) represent a heterogeneous group of rare, inherited metabolic disorders characterized by progressive multisystem involvement and substantial morbidity. Among the affected organ systems, the oral and craniofacial region is frequently involved and may provide early and valuable diagnostic clues, particularly in pediatric patients. Dental professionals therefore play a crucial role in the early recognition, diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management of individuals with MPS. Understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for oral findings is essential for improving patient outcomes and tailoring dental care strategies. MPS constitutes a group of genetically inherited lysosomal storage disorders marked by deficiencies in specific enzymes critical for the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The enzymatic insufficiency results in the progressive accumulation of GAGs within cellular and extracellular compartments across multiple tissues, manifesting in a diverse array of clinical phenotypes. Notably, individuals with MPS often present with pronounced oral and dental abnormalities, which can serve as significant indicators for early diagnosis and clinical management. This review investigates the pathophysiological mechanisms driving oral abnormalities in MPS, examining their diagnostic significance and potential for therapeutic intervention. Common findings include gingival hypertrophy, delayed tooth eruption, enamel hypoplasia, macroglossia, malocclusion, and craniofacial skeletal abnormalities, all of which may complicate oral hygiene and dental treatment. Additionally, radiographic features and challenges related to anesthesia and behavior management are discussed. By highlighting the diagnostic relevance of oral findings and the importance of early dental involvement within a multidisciplinary care framework, this review aims to raise awareness among dental practitioners and contribute to improved quality of life for patients with MPS.Mucopolysaccharidosis, glycosaminoglycan, dental findings, oral manifestations, dental management, pediatric dentistryFahinur Ertuğrul, Dilşah Çoğulue250098 -
Pediatric dental approaches in children with chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood is a progressive and irreversible condition that affects multiple organ systems, including the oral and dental structures. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the oral manifestations of CKD in pediatric patients and discusses appropriate dental management strategies. As the prevalence of CKD in children has increased in recent years, awareness of its oral implications has become increasingly important for pediatric dentists. Children with CKD commonly present with distinct oral findings resulting from metabolic disturbances, uremia, altered saliva composition, and long-term medical treatments. Although these patients often have inadequate oral hygiene and a carbohydrate-rich diet, several studies report a lower prevalence of dental caries compared to healthy peers. This paradox is mainly attributed to increased salivary urea levels, higher buffering capacity, and an alkaline oral environment, which inhibit acidogenic bacteria. However, the same salivary changes contribute to increased dental calculus formation. Additional oral findings include halitosis, gingival and periodontal alterations, oral mucosal pallor due to anemia, bleeding tendencies, and opportunistic infections, particularly in immunosuppressed or transplant patients. Renal osteodystrophy may affect the alveolar and supporting bone, increasing the risk of abnormal bone healing and jaw fractures following dental procedures. Moreover, medications commonly used in CKD management, such as cyclosporine and calcium channel blockers, may induce gingival overgrowth and xerostomia. Early identification of oral manifestations, regular dental follow-up, and preventive care are essential in children with CKD. A multidisciplinary approach involving pediatric dentists and pediatric nephrologists is crucial to ensure safe dental treatment and to improve both oral health outcomes and overall quality of life in this vulnerable population.Chronic kidney disease, nephropathy, oral manifestations, pediatric dentistry, renal failureÖzlem Beren Satılmış, Akif Demirel, Nurhan Özalpe250064 -
Peri-implantitis and treatment: A review
The increasing use of implant therapy has also led to a higher prevalence of peri-implant diseases. Peri-implant diseases were defined at the 2017 World Workshop as biofilm-associated pathological conditions affecting dental implants and were classified as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. This review briefly addresses the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis of peri-implantitis, and discusses both nonsurgical approaches including the use of antiseptics and antibiotics, mechanical debridement, ozone therapy, probiotics, laser and photodynamic therapy, and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) applications and surgical strategies such as resective and regenerative procedures. While short-term studies have reported favorable outcomes with surgical approaches, long-term follow-up has revealed various complications. Regenerative therapies, on the other hand, have demonstrated more promising results; therefore, careful soft tissue management and increasing the amount of keratinized gingiva and sulcus depth prior to surgical intervention are essential to enhance treatment success and maintain oral hygiene.dental Implants, peri-implantitis, guided tissue regenerationMusa Özdemir, Mehmet Sait Şimşek1-6 -
Potential complications and preventive measures in pediatric dental treatments performed under general anesthesia and sedation
The aim of this review was to evaluate the potential complications associated with pediatric dental treatments performed under general anesthesia and sedation and to outline preventive measures to enhance patient safety and clinical outcomes. The number of dental treatments for pediatric patients under general anesthesia and sedation is rapidly increasing in dentistry in Türkiye and worldwide. With this increase, it has been noticed that despite similar procedures with general anesthesia and sedation applications applied in medicine, pedodontics, and anesthesiology, there are significant differences in indication decisions and complications. The fact that general anesthesia and sedation applications in pedodontics do not have an exceptionally long history creates the need to establish specific standards and safety measures. Based on the experience gained in this field, these measures will give dental professionals a sense of security and confidence and include the lessons learned in the training and practice curricula. Accordingly, in the present review, complications and problems that may occur before, during, and after treatment specific to pedodontic applications are mentioned, as well as suggestions for their solution. Postoperative complications commonly include hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, soft tissue injuries due to biting, restoration fractures, and delayed recovery. Children with multiple extractions or extensive dental procedures are at higher risk for postoperative bleeding and discomfort. Preventive strategies include thorough preoperative planning, adherence to legal and clinical standards, appropriate anesthesia technique selection, careful intraoperative monitoring, use of checklists, and detailed postoperative instructions for caregivers. In conclusion, dental treatment under general anesthesia and sedation can be performed safely in pediatric patients when strict protocols and preventive measures are followed. A multidisciplinary approach, continuous training, and increased awareness of potential complications are essential to minimize risks, improve treatment quality, and reduce the need for repeat anesthesia in children.General anesthesia, sedation, children, dental treatmentSalih Doğan, Dilek Günay Canpolate250073
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