Peri-implantitis and treatment: A review

Abstract

The increasing use of implant therapy has also led to a higher prevalence of peri-implant diseases. Peri-implant diseases were defined at the 2017 World Workshop as biofilm-associated pathological conditions affecting dental implants and were classified as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. This review briefly addresses the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis of peri-implantitis, and discusses both nonsurgical approaches including the use of antiseptics and antibiotics, mechanical debridement, ozone therapy, probiotics, laser and photodynamic therapy, and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) applications and surgical strategies such as resective and regenerative procedures. While short-term studies have reported favorable outcomes with surgical approaches, long-term follow-up has revealed various complications. Regenerative therapies, on the other hand, have demonstrated more promising results; therefore, careful soft tissue management and increasing the amount of keratinized gingiva and sulcus depth prior to surgical intervention are essential to enhance treatment success and maintain oral hygiene.