Potential complications and preventive measures in pediatric dental treatments performed under general anesthesia and sedation

Abstract

The aim of this review was to evaluate the potential complications associated with pediatric dental treatments performed under general anesthesia and sedation and to outline preventive measures to enhance patient safety and clinical outcomes. The number of dental treatments for pediatric patients under general anesthesia and sedation is rapidly increasing in dentistry in Türkiye and worldwide. With this increase, it has been noticed that despite similar procedures with general anesthesia and sedation applications applied in medicine, pedodontics, and anesthesiology, there are significant differences in indication decisions and complications. The fact that general anesthesia and sedation applications in pedodontics do not have an exceptionally long history creates the need to establish specific standards and safety measures. Based on the experience gained in this field, these measures will give dental professionals a sense of security and confidence and include the lessons learned in the training and practice curricula. Accordingly, in the present review, complications and problems that may occur before, during, and after treatment specific to pedodontic applications are mentioned, as well as suggestions for their solution. Postoperative complications commonly include hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, soft tissue injuries due to biting, restoration fractures, and delayed recovery. Children with multiple extractions or extensive dental procedures are at higher risk for postoperative bleeding and discomfort. Preventive strategies include thorough preoperative planning, adherence to legal and clinical standards, appropriate anesthesia technique selection, careful intraoperative monitoring, use of checklists, and detailed postoperative instructions for caregivers. In conclusion, dental treatment under general anesthesia and sedation can be performed safely in pediatric patients when strict protocols and preventive measures are followed. A multidisciplinary approach, continuous training, and increased awareness of potential complications are essential to minimize risks, improve treatment quality, and reduce the need for repeat anesthesia in children.