Morphological changes in blood cells in a rat model of cadmium poisoning

Abstract

Aim: Cadmium (Cd), a toxic metal that accumulates in the environment as a result of industrial and agricultural activities, poses a serious threat to the health of living organisms. Cd is also an important component of environmental pollution. Cd salts dissolve in organs. Therefore, it is one of the heavy metals that can cause toxic effects on the hematological system. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes in blood cells induced by cadmium (Cd) exposure in a rat model.

Methods: Fourteen male Wistar Albino rats (8-10 weeks old; 300-350 g) were divided into control and Cd-exposed groups, each consisting of seven rats. Cadmium chloride was administered via intraperitoneal injection. Peripheral blood smear analysis was performed to assess the morphology of blood cells. Morphological abnormalities were identified and recorded using light microscopy.

Results: Significant structural alterations were observed in erythrocytes, including target cells, echinocytes, Howell-Jolly bodies, and hypochromia in the Cd-exposed group. Neutrophils showed increased nuclear lobulation and deformation. No significant change in cell morphology was observed in the control group, and normal structural features were preserved in erythrocytes and neutrophils.

Conclusion: This study shows that cadmium (Cd) exposure causes significant morphological changes in the hematological system. Erythrocyte deformations, hypochromia, and Howell-Jolly bodies suggest that Cd may increase the risk of anemia by disrupting erythrocyte membrane integrity. These changes may serve as early markers of Cd toxicity.

How to cite this article:

Gökdemir GŞ. Morphological changes in blood cells in a rat model of cadmium poisoning. J Med Dent Invest 2025;6:e250165. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e250165